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NIDS-CRAM

National Income Dynamics Study - Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey 2020, Wave 1

South Africa, 2020
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zaf-saldru-nids-cram-2020-w1-v3.0.0
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Nic Spaull - Ronelle Burger - Rulof Burger - David Carel - Reza Daniels - Nwabisa Makaluza - Dorrit Posel - Vimal Ranchhod - Servaas van der Berg - Gabrielle Wills
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National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey
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Jul 09, 2020
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Aug 05, 2021
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Related publications

The data from this study are used in the following publications:
Found: 119
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1 "South African survey data offers comfort and warnings." (2021) Expert Briefings.
2 Omotayo, Abiodun O, and Adebayo I Ogunniyi. "Covid-19 pandemic, poverty and health outcomes in South Africa: Do social protection programmes protect?." (2024) AERC Working Paper GPIR-CC.
3 Oyenubi, Adeola, and Umakrishnan Kollamparambil. "Does Socioeconomic status mediate the relationship between income loss and depression scores? Evidence from South Africa.." (2022) Current Psychology.
4 Oyenubi, Adeola. "Employment transitions and COVID-19 containment measures: Evidence from a developing country." Review of Development Economics n/a, no. n/a (2023): 1-37.
5 Oyenubi, Adeola. "The Covid-19 pandemic and polarisation of income distribution in South Africa." (2023) The Economic and Labour Relations Review.
6 Simon, Benjamin A, and Isaac Khambule. "Modelling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on South African livelihoods." (2021) International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy.
7 Nwosu, Chijioke O, Umakrishnan Kollamparambil, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Food insecurity and health outcomes during the coronavirus pandemic in South Africa: a longitudinal study." Health Economics Review 12, no. 1 (2022).
8 Gelo, Dambala, and Johane Dikgang. "Implications of COVID-19 labour market shock for child and household hungers in South Africa: Do social protection programs protect?’." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): 1-13.
9 Shepherd, Debra, and Nompumelelo Mohohlwane. "A generational catastrophe: COVID-19 and children’s access to education and food in South Africa." (2021) Development Southern Africa.
10 Yu, Derek, Jade Botha, and Moegammad F Nackerdien. "Examining the South African labour market during the COVID-19 lockdown period." Development Southern Africa 40, no. 6 (2023): 1-22.
11 Posel, Dorrit, and Daniela Casale. "Moving during times of crisis: Migration, living arrangements and COVID-19 in South Africa." (2021) Scientific African.
12 Posel, Dorrit. "Who cares? Gender differences in social reproduction and well-being in South Africa." Gender, Work & Organization n/a, no. n/a (2025).
13 Moses, Eldridge, and Ingrid Woolard. "The South African Response to COVID-19." (2023) The role of temporary social grants in mitigating the poverty impact of COVID-19 in South Africa.
14 Espi, Gabriel, Murray Leibbrandt, and Vimal Ranchhod. "Age, employment history and the heterogeneity of COVID era employment outcomes." Development Southern Africa 39, no. 5 (2021).
15 Espi-Sanchis, Gabriel, Murray Leibbrandt, and Vimal Ranchhod. "Age, employment and labour force participation outcomes in COVID-era South Africa." Development Southern Africa 0, no. 0 (2022): 1-25.
16 Espi-Sanchis, Gabriel, Murray Leibbrandt, and Vimal Ranchhod. "The role of employment history and age during COVID-19: Understanding 2020 South African employment dynamics in historical context." (2021) SALDRU Working Paper.
17 Wills, Gabriel, Jesal Kika-Mistry, and Janeli Kotze. "Early Childhood Development and lockdown in South Africa: An update using NIDS-CRAM wave 3." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 12 (2021).
18 Wills, Gabrielle, Janeli Kotze, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. "A Sector Hanging in the Balance: ECD and Lockdown in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 15 (2020).
19 Wills, Gabrielle, and Jesal Kika-Mistry. "Early childhood care and education access in South Africa during COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM." Development Southern Africa 0, no. 0 (2022): 1-19.
20 Albertin, Giorgia, Romina Kazandjian, Fatou K Thioune, and Tianyuan T Wang. "Gender equality and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2024) Covid-19 and gender inequality: Impact in Southern Africa.
21 Wand, Handan, Cassandra Vujovich-Dunn, Kate Derrick, Jayajothi Moodley, Tarylee Reddy, and Sarita Naidoo. "Geospatial variations in socioeconomic conditions and health outcomes in COVID-19 era: insights from South Africa (2020–2022)." (2023) GeoJounal.
22 Wand, Handan, Jayajothi Moodley, Tarylee Reddy, and Sarita Naidoo. "Public health evaluation of Covid-19 vaccine acceptability and health behaviors in South Africa: past, current, and future implications (2020–2022)." (2024) Advances in Public Health.
23 Aina, Ifedotun V, and Oluwaseyi O Efuntoye. "South African labour market and Income inequality: medium term effects from the COVID-19 pandemic." (2022) WIDER Working Paper.
24 Bassier, Ihsaan, Joshua Budlender, Rocco Zizzamia, and Ronak Jain. "The labour market and poverty impacts of Covid-19 in South Africa." South African Journal of Economics n/a, no. n/a (2023): 1-27.
25 Turok, Ivan, and Justin Visagie. "The divergent pathways of the pandemic within South African cities." Development Southern Africa 39, no. 5 (2022): 1-24.
26 Mosomi, Jacqueline, and Amy Thornton. "Labour market and unpaid childcare trajectories by gender during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: Lessons for policy." (2022) IDRC-OXFAM Working Paper .
27 Dikgang, Johane, and Dambala G Kutel. "Financial and Fiscal Commission technical report: Submission for the division of revenue 2022/23." (2021) Chapter 7: Food security and fiscal policy.
28 Dikgang, Johane, and Isaiah Magambo. "Financial and Fiscal Commission technical report: Submission for the division of revenue 2022/23." (2021) Chapter 8: Water and sanitation access, distribution efficiencies and tariff setting in South Africa.
29 Nutakor, Jonathan A, Lulin Zhou, Ebenezer Larnyo, Stephen Addai-Dansoh, and Debashree Tripura. "Socioeconomic status and quality of life: An assessment of the mediating effect of social capital." (2023) Healthcare.
30 Ohrnberger, Julius. "Economic shocks, health, and social protection: The effect of COVID-19 income shocks on health and mitigation through cash transfers in South Africa." Health Economics n/a, no. n/a (2022).
31 Kavese, Kambale, Andiswa Mbali, and Izunna Anyikwa. The gig economy, digital labour platforms, and independent employment in the Eastern Cape. East London, South Africa: Eastern Cape Socio Economic Consultative Council, 2022.
32 Eyal, Katherine. "Household survival strategies during COVID-19: Evidence from panel data in South Africa." (2021) SALDRU Working Paper.
33 Patel, Leila, Viwe Dikoko, and Jade Archer. Social grants, livelihoods and poverty responses of social grant beneficiaries in South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Centre for Social Development in Africa (CSDA), 2023.
34 Gronbach, Lena, Jeremy Seekings, and Vayda Megannon. "Social protection in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from South Africa." (2022) CGD Policy Paper.
35 Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo, Thabiso Molemohi, and Frederich Kirsten. "The role of personal characteristics in shaping gender-biased job losses during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of South Africa." (2023) EDWRG Working Paper Series.
36 Wittenberg, Martin, and Nicola Branson. Creating household weights for NIDS-CRAM. South Africa: NIDS-CRAM, 2021.
37 Kopylova, Natalia, Talita Greyling, and Stephanié Rossouw. "Women’s mental health during Covid-19 in South Africa." (2024) Applied Research in Quality of Life.
38 De Wet-Billings, Nicole, and Francis Anyanzu. "The effect of additional childcare roles on COVID-19 symptom knowledge among youth in South Africa." (2022) The Open Public Health Journal.
39 De Wet-Billings, Nicole. "“Did You Wash Your Hands?” The Socioeconomic Inequalities Preventing Youth From Adopting Protective Behaviors During COVID-19 in South Africa." Health Promotion Practice 0, no. 0 (2023).
40 Anazonwu, Nkemdilim P, Emeka E Igboeli, Chukwuedozie K Ajaero, Nneka Okafor, Ezinwanne E Ezeibe, Casmir C Mbaegbu, and Ijeoma Ogu. "Spatial analysis of the healthcare seeking behaviours of people with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa." Discover Public Health 22, no. 1 (2025).
41 Jacobs, Peter, Bongiwe Mcata, Chijioke Nwosu, Whadiah Parker, Admire Nyamwanza, Matume Maila, Fundisiwe Malinga, and Moyosoore Babalola. The status of population, food security, nutrition and sustainable development during the Covid-19 and lockdown period in South Africa. : HSRC, 2021.
42 Daniels, Reza C, and Daniela Casale. "The impact of COVID-19 in South Africa during the first year of the crisis: Evidence from the NIDS-CRAM survey." Development Southern Africa 0, no. 0 (2022): 1-18.
43 Daniels, Reza C, Kim Ingle, and Tim Brophy. "Employment uncertainty in the era of COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM and the QLFS." (2021) SALDRU Working Paper.
44 Daniels, Reza C, Kim Ingle, and Timothy S Brophy. "Employment uncertainty in the era of COVID-19: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM and the QLFS." Development Southern Africa 0, no. 0 (2022): 1-21.
45 Daniels, Reza C, Kim P Ingle, and Timothy S Brophy. "Determinants of attrition between Waves 1 and 2 of South Africa's National Income Dynamics Study – Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM)." (2022) South African Journal of Economics.
46 Morales-Olivares, Rommy, Carlos Aguirre-Nunez, Lorena Nunez-Carrasco, and Felipe Ulloa-Leon. "Subjective well-being and schools in South Africa: A post-COVID-19 analysis." (2022) Frontiers in Psychology.
47 Burger, Ronelle, Carmen Christian, Rene English, Brendan Maughan-Brown, and Laura Rossouw. "Predictors of mask-wearing during the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from South Africa." (2021) Translational Behavioral Medicine.
48 Burger, Ronelle, and Martina Mchenga. "Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health inequality in South Africa: Early evidence on direct and indirect influences." (2021) PEP Working Paper Series.
49 Ngarava, Saul. "Empirical analysis on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in South Africa." (2022) Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C.
50 van der Berg, Servaas, Leila Patel, and Grace Bridgman. "Food insecurity in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM wave 5." Development Southern Africa 39, no. 5 (2022): 722-737.
51 Dasgupta, Shouro, and Elizabeth J Robinson. "Food insecurity, safety nets, and coping strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multi-country evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021).
52 Schotte, Simone, and Rocco Zizzamia. "Covid-19 and the Informal Economy." (2024) Impact of Covid-19 on urban vulnerable livelihoods: Accounts from residents of Cape Town’s Largest Township.
53 Schotte, Simone, and Rocco Zizzamia. "Covid-19 and the informal economy: Impact, recovery and the future." (2024) The impact of Covid-19 on urban vulnerable livelihoods: Accounts from residents of Cape Town's largest township.
54 Schotte, Simone, and Rocco Zizzamia. "The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: a view from below." Social Indicators Research 165, no. 1 (2022): 1-30.
55 Molemohi, Thabiso. "The effect of COVID-19 on gender inequality in the South African labour market." Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg, 2022.
56 Ferreira, Thomas, Wendy Stone, Emile Vercuil, Marna Lourens, Nolwandle Made, and Thuli Madonsela. "Small area estimation for South African resource distribution and policy impacts during COVID-19 [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]." AAS Open Research 5, no. 17 (2022).
57 Köhler, Timothy, Robert Hill, and Haroon Bhorat. "The effect of wage subsidies on job retention." (2022) WIDER Working Paper.
58 Köhler, Timothy, and Robert Hill. "Did the TERS policy save jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic?."
59 Köhler, Timothy, and Robert Hill. "Did the TERS policy save jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic?." (2022) Econ3x3.
60 Köhler, Timothy, and Robert Hill. "Wage subsidies and COVID-19: The distribution and dynamics of South Africa’s TERS policy." Development Southern Africa 0, no. 0 (2022): 1-33.
61 Magadzire, Vengesai. "Essays on social protection and human welfare in Southern Africa." PhD Thesis, The University of Leeds, 2021.
62 Barlow, Viné. "Changing childcare demands due to Covid-19 regulations: Impact on maternal employment and household food security, in South Africa." Master's thesis, Stellenbosch University, 2022.
63 Ardington, Cally. "NIDS-CRAM Wave 1 Data Quality." SALDRU Working Paper , no. 273 (2020).
64 Bassier, Ihsaan, Joshua Budlender, and Rocco Zizzamia. "The labour market impacts of COVID-19: An update with NIDS-CRAM Wave 3." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 2 (2021).
65 Benhura, Miracle, and Prudence Magejo. "Differences between formal and informal workers’ outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis lockdown in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 2 (2020).
66 Bolarinwa A, Obasanjo. "Factors associated with limited access to condoms and sources of condoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa." (2021) medRxiv.
67 Bridgman, Grace, Servaas van der Berg, and Leila Patel. "Hunger in South Africa during 2020: Results from Wave 2 of NIDS-CRAM." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper 3. , G., , S. & L. (2020) , no. 3 (2020).
68 Burger, Ronelle, Carmen Christian, Brendan Maughan-Brown , Russell Rensburg, and Laura Rossouw. "COVID-19 risk perception, knowledge and behaviour." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 2 (2020).
69 Burger, Ronelle, Candy Day, Nicola Deghaye, Lungiswa Nkonki, Russel Rensburg, Anja Smith, and Cari V Schalkwyk. "Examining the unintended consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on public sector health facility visits: The first 150 days." NIDS-CRAM Insight Briefs Series , no. 16 (2020).
70 Burger, Ronelle, Lungiswa Nkonki, Russell Rensburg, Anja Smith, and Cari van Schalkwyk. "Examining the unintended health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper Series , no. 3 (2020).
71 Burger, Ronelle, Lungiswa Nkonki, Anja Smith, Russell Rensburg, and Cari van Schalkwyk. "Measuring the public health cost of COVID-19 control efforts." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 3 (2020).
72 Casale, Daniela, and Dorrit Posel. "Gender and the early effects of the COVID-19 crisis in the paid and unpaid economies in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 4 (2020).
73 Casale, Daniela, and Debra Shepherd. "The gendered effects of the Covid-19 crisis and ongoing lockdown in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1-3." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 4 (2021).
74 Casale, Daniela, and Dorrit Posel. "Gender inequality and the COVID-19 crisis: Evidence from a large national survey during South Africa’s lockdown." (2021) Research in Social Stratification and Mobility.
75 Casale, Daniela, and Debra Shepherd. "The gendered effects of the COVID-19 crisis and ongoing lockdown in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 - 5." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
76 Casale, Daniela, and Debra Shepherd. "The gendered effects of the ongoing lockdown and school closures in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 and 2." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 5 (2020).
77 Daniels, Reza, Kim Ingle, and Tim Brophy. "Determinants of attrition in NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 & 2." SALDRU Working Paper , no. 271 (2020).
78 Daniels, Reza C, Kim Ingle, and Tim Brophy. "Labour market dynamics in the era of COVID-19: What we’ve learnt from NIDS-CRAM & the Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (QLFS)." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
79 Dasgupta, Shouro, and Johannes Emmerling. "COVID-19 lockdown led to an unprecedented increase in inequality." (2021)
80 Espi, Gabriel, Murray Leibbrandt, and Vimal Ranchhod. "The relationship between employment history and COVID-19 employment outcomes in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 6 (2020).
81 Gustafsson, Martin, and Carol Nuga. "How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting educational quality in South Africa: Evidence to date and future risks." NIDS-CRAM Insight Briefs Series , no. i (2020).
82 Gustafsson, Martin, and Carol Nuga. How is the Covid-19 pandemic affecting educational quality in South Africa? Evidence to date and future risks. 2020.
83 Hill, Robert, and Tim Kohler. "Mind the gap: The distributional effects of South Africa’s national lockdown on gender wage inequality." DPRU Working Paper 2021, no. 01 (2021).
84 Hunt, Xanthe, Dan J Stein, Nic Spaull, and Mark Tomlinson. "Hunger as a driver of depressive symptoms: Optimising responses to mental health aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic." (2021) South African Medical Journal.
85 Jain, Ronak, Ishaan Bassier, Joshua Budlender, and Rocco Zizzamia. "The labour market and poverty impacts of COVID-19 in South Africa: An update with NIDS-CRAM Wave 2." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 8 (2020).
86 Jain, Ronak, Joshua Budlender, Rocco Zizzamia, and Ihsaan Bassier. "The labor market and poverty impacts of covid-19 in South Africa." SALDRU Working Paper , no. 264 (2020).
87 Jamieson, Lucy, and Lorraine van Blerk. "Responding to COVID-19 in South Africa – social solidarity and social assistance." (2021) Children's Geographies.
88 Kenway, Jane, and Debbie Epstein. "The Covid-19 conjuncture: Rearticulating the school/home/work nexus." (2021) International Studies in Sociology of Education.
89 Kohler, Tim, and Haroon Bhorat. "Covid-19, social protection, and the labour market in South Africa: Are social grants being targeted at the most vulnerable?." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 6 (2020).
90 Köhler, Tim, and Haroon Bhorat. "Social assistance during South Africa’s national lockdown: Examining the COVID-19 grant, changes to the Child Support Grant, and post-October policy options." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 9 (2020).
91 Köhler, Timothy, and Robert Hill. "The distribution and dynamics of South Africa’s TERS policy: Results from NIDS-CRAM Waves 1 to 5." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
92 Kollamparambil, Uma, Adeola Oyenubi, and Chijioke O Nwosu. "Mental health, COVID-19 vaccine distrust and vaccine hesitancy in South Africa." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
93 Kollamparambil, Umakrishnan, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Behavioural response to the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa." PLoS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): 1-19.
94 Kollamparambil, Umakrishnan, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Socio-economic inequality in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 10 (2020).
95 Maughan-Brown, Brendan, Tim Kohler, Ronelle Burger, Laura Rossouw, Carmen Christian, and René English. "COVID-19 risk perceptions, preventive behaviour and COVID-fatigue during a lull in the epidemic in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 6 (2021).
96 Mohohlwan, Nompumelelo, Stephen Taylor, and Debra Shepherd. "Schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: An update from Wave 3 of the NIDS-CRAM data." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 7 (2021).
97 Mudiriza, Gibson, Ariane De Lannoy, and Youth Capital. "Youth in the time of a global pandemic: An analysis of recent data on young people’s experiences during COVID-19." (2021) MISTRA Working Paper.
98 Nwosu, Chijioke, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Income-related health inequalities associated with Covid-19 in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper Series , no. 7 (2020).
99 Nwosu, Chijoke, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Estimating income-related health inequalities associated with COVID-19 in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 7 (2020).
100 Nwosu, Chijioke O, and Adeola Oyenubi. "Income-related health inequalities associated with the coronavirus pandemic in South Africa: A decomposition analysis." International Journal for Equity in Health 20, no. 21 (2021).
101 Oyenubi, Adeola, and Umakrishnan Kollamparambil. "COVID-19 and depressive symptoms in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 12 (2020).
102 Oyenubi, Adeola, Chijioke O Nwosu, and Umakrishnan Kollamparambil. "Health indicators and poor health dynamics during COVID-19 pandemic." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
103 Posel, Dorrit, and Daniela Casale. "Who moves during times of crisis? mobility, living arrangements and COVID-19 in South Africa." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 8 (2020).
104 Posel, Dorrit, Adeola Oyenubi, and Umakrishnan Kollamparambil. "Job loss and mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from South Africa." PLoS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): 1-15.
105 Ranchhod, Vimal, and Reza Daniels. "Labour market dynamics in South Africa in the time of Covid-19: Evidence from Wave 1 of the NIDS-CRAM Survey." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 9 (2020).
106 Ranchhod, Vimal, and Reza Daniels. "Labour market dynamics in South Africa in the time of COVID-19: Evidence from Waves 1 and 2 of the NIDS-CRAM survey." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 13 (2020).
107 Ranchhod, Vimal, and Reza C Daniels. "Labour market dynamics in South Africa at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic." (2021) South African Journal of Economics.
108 Rogan, Michael, and Caroline Skinner. "The Covid-19 crisis and the South African informal economy ‘Locked out’ of livelihoods and employment." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 10 (2020).
109 Schotte, Simone, and Rocco Zizzamia. "The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: A view from below." SA-TIED Working Paper , no. 168 (2021).
110 Shepherd, Debra, and Nompumelelo Mohohlwane. "The impact of COVID-19 in education - more than a year of disruption." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
111 Smith, Anja, Rose Peter , Shivani Ranchhod, Dave Strugnell, and Jodi Wishnia. "The economy linked impact of COVID-19 on mortality and health: Early learnings for South Africa’s coronavirus-linked recession." NIDS-CRAM Insight Briefs Series , no. ii (2020).
112 Turok, Ivan, and Justin Visagie. "COVID-19 amplifies urban inequalities." South African Journal of Science 117, no. 3/4 (2021).
113 Turok, Ivan, and Justin Visagie. "The Covid-19 crisis has amplified spatial inequalities." (2020) Econ3x3.
114 van der Berg, Servaas, Linda Zuze, and Grace Bridgman. "The impact of the Coronavirus and lockdown on children’s welfare in South Africa: Evidence from NIDS-CRAM Wave 1." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper Series , no. 11 (2020).
115 van der Berg,, Servaas, Linda Zuze, and Grace Bridgman. "Coronavirus, Lockdown and Children: Some impacts of the current crisis in child welfare using data from NIDS-CRAM Wave 1." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 11 (2020).
116 Visagie, Justin, and Ivan Turok. "Rural–urban inequalities amplified by COVID-19: evidence from South Africa." Area Development and Policy 0, no. 0 (2020).
117 Visagie, Justin, and Ivan Turok. "Driven further apart by the pandemic? Contrasting impacts of COVID-19 on people and places." (2021) NIDS-CRAM Working Paper.
118 Visagie, Justin, and Ivan Turok. "The uneven geography of the COVID-19 crisis." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 14 (2020).
119 Wills, Gabrielle, Leila Patel, Servaas van der Berg, and Bokang Mpeta. "Household resource flows and food poverty during South Africa’s lockdown: Short-term policy implications for three channels of social protection." NIDS-CRAM Working Paper , no. 12 (2020).
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