South African Reconciliation Barometer 2019, Round 16

South Africa, 2019

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zaf-ijr-sarb-2019-v1

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Institute for Justice and Reconciliation

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Institute for Justice and Reconciliation - South African Reconciliation Barometer

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Feb 06, 2025

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Feb 06, 2025

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Data file: sarb-2019-r16

Cases:	2400
Variables:	370

Variables

FACTOR_SCALES

******************COMPUTED FACTOR MEASUREMENT SCALES**********

LivedPoverty

Lived Poverty Index: higher scores mean greater experienced poverty

HH_Conditions_Compare

Household Conditions Compared to Other Households Scale: higher scores means HH is doing much better

Financial_Conditions_Compare

Financial Conditions Compared to Other Households Scale: higher scores means HH is doing much better

Political_Efficacy

Political Efficacy Scale: higher scores mean greater political efficacy

Voting_Efficacy

Voting Efficacy Scale: higher scores mean greater political efficacy

Populism

Populism Scale: Higher scores mean great adherence to populist beliefs

Political_Participation_1

Political Participation 1 Scale: Higher scores mean more political participation (Q7a, Q7b, Q7d)

Political_Participation_2

Political Participation 2 Scale: Higher scores mean more political participation (Q7c, Q7e, Q7f, Q7g, Q7i)

Media_Use

Media Use Scale: Higher scores mean greater use of media sources

Media_Trust

Media Trust Scale: Higher scores mean greater trust of media sources

Social_Media_1

Social Media 1 Scale: Higher scores mean greater disapproval og government regulation of social media (Q12b, Q12c, Q12d)

Social_Media_2

Social Media 1 Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in social media as voice of accountability for ordinary people (Q12a, Q12g, Q12h)

Interpersonal_Trust

Interpersonal trust Scale: Higher scores mean more trust in neighbours, family and colleagues

Social_Trust

Social trust Scale: Higher scores mean more trust of people of other social groups

Rule_Of_Law

Rule of Law Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in rule of law

Corruption

Corruption Scale: Higher scores mean stronger belief that corruption is rampant with impunity for offenders

Apartheid_Views

Apartheid Views Scale: Higher scores mean stronger agreement on apartheid as violation of human rights

Apartheid_Legacy

Apartheid Legacy Scale: Higher scores mean greater agreement that current society still impacted by apartheid legacy

Rights_Respect

Rights Respect Scale; Higher scores mean stronger belief that rights will be respected

Gender_Rights

Gender Rights: Higher scores mean greater belief that legal gender parity exists in SA

Civil_Rights

Civil Rights Scale: Higher scores mean greater support for these civil rights

Individual_Esteem

Individual Esteem Scale: Higher scores mean greater personal efficacy and esteem

Group_Esteem

Group Esteem Scale: Higher scores mean greater esteem derived from own social group

SA_Identity

SA Identity Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in South African identity over social group identity

Recon_Progress

Reconciliation Progress Scale: Higher scores mean greater reconciliation progress and positive impact

Recon_Actors

Reconciliation Actors Scale: Higher scores mean greater importance for actors in national reconciliation

Workforce_Diversity

Workforce Diversity Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in workforce diversity

Interracial_Interaction

Interracial Interaction Scale: Higher scores mean more frequent interracial interaction

Racism_Daily

Racism Daily Scale: Higher scores mean more frequent experiences of daily racism

Personal_Safety

Personal Safety Scale: Higher scores mean greater perceived safety

Change_Since_1994

Change Since 1994 Scale: Higher scores mean greater improvement since 1994

Xenophobia

Xenophobia Scale: Higher scores mean greater xenophobic beliefs

Rule_Of_Law_5Point

Rule of Law Scale 5 Point Only

Game_Changers

Radical Reformers vs Muddlers vs Constitutional Transformers

Game_Changers_RofLaw

Game Changers Final

CONTROL_VARIABLES

*************CONTROL VARIABLES******************

Intnr

INTNR - Respondent ID

HH_Weight

Household Weight

Bench_WGT_Person

Benchmark Weight Person [weighted to Mid-Year 2019 Estimates - Prov/Race/Gender/AgeGrp]

DEMOGRAPHICS

**********DEMOGRAPHICS**********

LSM_2014

LSM 2014 (LSM 1 to LSM 10)

SEM

SEM (SEM 1 to SEM 10)

Q55_HH_Income

Q55 - Which if these best describes your total monthly household income before tax and deductions?

Q56_Gender

Q56 - Gender

Q57_Race

Q57 - Race For statistical purposes I need to confirm which ethnic group you belong to. Is it...?

Province

Q1 - What is your age? (exact)

Q1_Age_re

Q1 - Age of respondent (age ranges)

Q2 - Which language do you use most frequently at home?

Q2_other

Q2_other - Which language do you use most frequently at home? (other specify)

Q50

Q50 - What is the highest level of education that you have achieved?

Q51

Q51 - Which one of these best describes your working status?

Q52

Q52 - What is your main occupation?

SA_citizen

Are you a citizen of South Africaâ€¦

Q51_other

Q51_other - Which one of these best describes your working status?

Q52_other

Q52_other - What is your main occupation?

LIVING_CONDITIONS_VAR

*********QoL and FIN/ECO CONDITIONS*************

Q3a

Q3a - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough food to eat?

Q3b

Q3b - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough clean water for home use?

Q3c

Q3c - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without medicines or medical treatment?

Q3d

Q3d - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough fuel to cook your food?

Q3e

Q3e - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without a cash income?

Q3f

Q3f - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without electricity in your home (excluding load shedding?)

Q4a

Q4a - In relation to the rest of the community where you live, your household conditions are ..

Q4b

Q4b - In relation to the rest of South Africa, your household conditions are..

Q4c

Q4c - In relation to your parents, your household conditions are ..

Q4d

Q4d - How do these living conditions of you and your family compare to what they were like 2-3 years ago?

Q4e

Q4e - How are these living conditions of you and your family likely to change in the 2-3 years? Will they get ..

Q5a

Q5a - In relation to the rest of the community where you live, your financial situation isâ€¦

Q5b

Q5b - In relation to the rest of South Africa, your financial situation isâ€¦

Q5c

Q5c - In relation to your parents, your financial situation isâ€¦

Q5d

Q5d - How does your financial situation and that of your family compare to what it was like 2-3 years ago? Is itâ€¦?

Q5e

Q5e - How is your financial situation and that of your family likely to change in the 2-3 years? Will it getâ€¦?

EFFICACY_TRUST_VAR

*********POLITICAL EFFICACY AND TRUST**************

Q6a_rec

Q6a Rec - You don't consider yourself well qualified to participate in issues affecting your country

Q6b_rec

Q6b Rec - You don't feel you have a good understanding of the important issues affecting our country

Q6c_rec

Q6c Rec - You don't think you are as well informed as most people about issues affecting our country

Q6d_rec

Q6d Rec - People like you dont have a say about what the political leaders and politicians do

Q6g_rec

Q6g Rec - Your vote does not make a difference

Q6h_rec

Q6h Rec - After being elected all parties are the same, so voting is pointless

Q6i_rec

Q6i Rec - Voting is meaningless because no politician can be trusted

Q6a

Q6a - You don't consider yourself well qualified to participate in issues affecting your country

Q6b

Q6b - You don't feel you have a good understanding of the important issues affecting our country

Q6c

Q6c - You don't think you are as well informed as most people about issues affecting our country

Q6d

Q6d - People like you dont have a say about what the political leaders and politicians do

Q6e

Q6e - Generally speaking, those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with the people

Q6f

Q6f - You don't think that political leaders and politicians care much about what people like you think

Q6g

Q6g - Your vote does not make a difference

Q6h

Q6h - After being elected all parties are the same, so voting is pointless

Q6i

Q6i - Voting is meaningless because no politician can be trusted

POPULISM_SCALE_VAR

**********POPULISM SCALE**********

Q6j

Q6j - The differences between ordinary people and elite (political, business, labour leaders) are much greater than the differences between ordinary people

Q6k

Q6k - Politicians talk too much and take too little action

Q6l

Q6l - The people should have the final say on important political issues by voting on them directly in referendums (for example on abortion, death penalty, land)

Q6m

Q6m - The people, not the politicians, should make our most important policy decisions

Q6n

Q6n - The politicians in Parliament always need to follow the will of the people

Q6o

Q6o - Ordinary South Africans can only rely on each other, rather than political elites.

Q6p

Q6p - On important political issues, ordinary South Africans share similar value and interests.

POL_PARTICIPATION_VAR

*********POLITICAL PARTICIPATION************

Q7a

Q7a - Attended a community meeting

Q7b

Q7b - Got together with others to raise an issue

Q7c

Q7c - Contacted radio, TV, or a newspaper to complain about an issue

Q7d

Q7d - Contacted your local councillor or other community leaders about an issue

Q7e

Q7e - Shared political content on social media (e.g. Facebook or Twitter)

Q7f

Q7f - Signed a petition (online or hardcopy)

Q7g

Q7g - Refused to pay a tax or a fee to the government

Q7i

Q7i - Used force or violence for a political cause

Q8 - Which political party do you feel close with?

Q8_other

Q8_other - Which political party do you feel close with? Other

Q9 - Are you registered to vote? And did you vote in the most recent provincial and national elections on the 8th of May this year?

MEDIA

********MEDIA USE INCL SOCIAL MEDIA*******

Q10a

Q10a - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Radio

Q10b

Q10b - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Television

Q10c

Q10c - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Print newspapers

Q10d

Q10d - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Internet (news and other websites, not social media)

Q10e

Q10e - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Social media such as Facebook or Twitter

Q10f

Q10f - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - From friends and family

Q11a

Q11a - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Radio

Q11b

Q11b - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Television

Q11c

Q11c - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Print newspapers

Q11d

Q11d - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Internet (news and other websites, not social media)

Q11e

Q11e - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Social media such as Facebook or Twitter

Q11f

Q11f - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - From friends and family

Q12a

Q12a - People should be allowed to express any political view that they have on social media

Q12b

Q12b - Government should be allowed to close down social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc), when they feel that it undermines political stability

Q12c

Q12c - Government should be allowed to close down internet messaging services (Skype, Google Hangouts, WhatsApp), when they feel that it undermines political stability

Q12d

Q12d - The government should be allowed to monitor my activities on social media

Q12e

Q12e - I do sometimes interact with people on social media whose political views and beliefs are different to mine

Q12f

Q12f - Social media is dividing our nation

Q12g

Q12g - Social media is effective in keeping those in power accountable

Q12h

Q12h - Social media gives ordinary people a voice

POLITICAL_TRUST_VAR

**********TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS**************

Q13a

Q13a - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The President

Q13b

Q13b - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The Deputy President

Q13c

Q13c - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... National Government

Q13d

Q13d - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Provincial Government

Q13e

Q13e - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Local Government

Q13f

Q13f - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Constitutional Court

Q13g

Q13g - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Legal system in general

Q13h

Q13h - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... South African Police Service (SAPS) / the Police

Q13i

Q13i - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Public Protector

Q13j

Q13j - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The Hawks

Q13k

Q13k - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Parliament

Q13l

Q13l - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... National Prosecuting Authority (NPA)

Q13m

Q13m - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... South African Revenue Service (SARS)

Q13n

Q13n - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... SABC media (radio and TV)

Q13o

Q13o - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... African National Congress (ANC)

Q13p

Q13p - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Democratic Alliance (DA)

Q13q

Q13q - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)

Q13r

Q13r - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Religious leaders

Q13s

Q13s - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Large corporations / big business

SOCIAL_TRUST_VAR

**********SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL TRUST*********

Q14

Q14 - Generally speaking, would you say that you are trusting or distrusting of people?

Q15a

Q15a - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your relatives

Q15b

Q15b - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your neighbours (in your immediate and local community)

Q15c

Q15c - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your colleagues (at work, or studying etc.)

Q15d

Q15d - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Other race groups

Q15e

Q15e - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Other language groups

Q15f

Q15f - How much do you trust the following groups of people - People who practice a different religion than your own

Q15g

Q15g - How much do you trust the following groups of people - People with a different sexual orientation than your own

Q15h

Q15h - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Foreign nationals from other African countries living in South Africa

Q15i

Q15i - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Foreign nationals not from African countries living in South Africa

RULE_OF_LAW_VAR

********RULE OF LAW AND CORRUPTION********

Q16a

Q16a - The courts always have the right to make decisions that people have to accept

Q16b

Q16b - The police always have the right to make people obey the law

Q16c

Q16c - The South African Revenue Service (SARS) always have the right to make people pay taxes

Q16d

Q16d - Democratically elected representatives (such as MPs and local councilors) always have the right to make policy and governance decisions in SA

Q16e

Q16e - The Constitution must be upheld/respected in all circumstances

Q17a

Q17a - Corrupt government officials often get away with it.

Q17b

Q17b - Most politicians have no real will to fight corruption

Q17c

Q17c - Corruption affects ordinary people more than it does decision makers

Q17d_Rec

Q17d Recoded - Government is effective in addressing corruption in South Africa

Q17d

Q17d - Government is effective in addressing corruption in South Africa

POWER

***********GROUP POL/ECO POWER********

Q18a

Q18a - Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most - Economic power

Q18b

Q18b - Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most - Political power

Q19a

Q19a - How do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you personally have - Economic power

Q19b

Q19b - How do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you personally have - Political power

APARTHEID_VAR

**********APARTHEID AND LEGACY*********

Q20a

Q20a - The apartheid government oppressed the majority of South Africans

Q20b

Q20b - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived from quality education

Q20c

Q20c - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of land and property ownership

Q20d

Q20d - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of earning proper livelihoods

Q20e

Q20e - The apartheid government committed terrible crimes against those struggling against apartheid

Q20f

Q20f - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) suffered violence because of their race

Q20g

Q20g - Apartheid was a crime against humanity

Q21a

Q21a - In general, residential areas in South Africa are still racially segregated because of the lasting effects of apartheid

Q21b

Q21b - Many black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) are still poor today because of the lasting effects of apartheid

Q21c

Q21c - Many white South Africans are still well-off today because of the lasting effects of apartheid

Q21d

Q21d - Many black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) today do not own land/property because of the lasting effects of apartheid

Q21e

Q21e - Many white South Africans today own land/property because of the lasting effects of apartheid

Q21f

Q21f - Little progress has been made in returning land to people that have been evicted under apartheid law

LAND

*********LAND ISSUES*********

Q22a

Q22a - Thinking about land ownership in South Africa - Do you think land reform is important to address inequality in South Africa?

Q22b

Q22b - Thinking about land ownership in South Africa - Do you think land reform is important for the reconciliation process in South Africa?

Q22c

Q22c - If land is redistributed in South Africa, which land should be redistributed?

SOCIAL_DIVISION_VAR

*********SOCIAL DIVISION*********

Q23

Q23 - What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today?

Q24

Q24 - Apart from thine one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today?

Q23_other

Q23_other - What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today? (Other)

Q24_other

Q24_other - Apart from thine one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today? Other

RESPECT

******RESPECT***********

Q25a

Q25a - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your mother tongue language willâ€¦?

Q25b

Q25b - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your religion willâ€¦?

Q25c

Q25c - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your cultural practices willâ€¦?

GENDER_RIGHTS_VAR

**********GENDER RIGHTS**********

Q26a

Q26a - In our country today, women and men ... Have equal opportunities to earn an income in some way

Q26b

Q26b - In our country today, women and men ... Enjoy the same protection under the law.

Q26c

Q26c - In our country today, women and men ... Have the same rights

CIVIL_RIGHTS_VAR

********CIVIL RIGHTS************

Q27a

Q27a - How much do you approve of [Abortion] being legal or being made legal in South Africa?

Q27b

Q27b - How much do you approve of [The death penalty] being legal or being made legal in South Africa?

Q27c

Q27c - How much do you approve of [Same sex marriages] being legal or being made legal in South Africa?

Q27d

Q27d - How much do you approve of [Sex work/prostitution] being legal or being made legal in South Africa?

INDIVIDUAL_ESTEEM_VAR

**********INDIVIDUAL ESTEEM**********

Q28a

Q28a - I have access to the financial resources I need to achieve my goals

Q28b

Q28b - I have access to groups of people who can help me achieve my goals

Q28c

Q28c - I have the education I need to achieve my goals

Q28d

Q28d - I can easily get (or travel) to the places I need to in order to achieve my goals

Q28e

Q28e - I have the self-confidence I need in order to achieve my goals

Q28f

Q28f - I have the self-determination I need in order to achieve my goals

INTERGROUP1_VAR

**********INTERGROUP RELATIONS AND GROUP ESTEEM**********

Q29

Q29 - When you think of yourself and your daily interactions with others, which group do you associate with most strongly, those who ..

Q30

Q30 - Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly?

Q29_other

Q29_other - When you think of yourself and your daily interactions with others, which group do you associate with most strongly, those who .. (Other)

Q30_other

Q30_other - Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly? (Other)

Q31

Q31 - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly: How important is ... to you?

Q32a_rec

Q32a_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel good about yourself

Q32b_rec

Q32b_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel important

Q32c_rec

Q32c_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel secure

Q32a

Q32a - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel good about yourself

Q32b

Q32b - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel important

Q32c

Q32c - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel secure

SOUTH_AFRICAN_VAR

**********SOUTH AFRICAN IDENTITY************

Q33a

Q33a - Being a South African is an important part of how you see yourself

Q33b

Q33b - People should realise we are South Africans first, and not think of themselves in terms of other groups they belong to.

Q33c

Q33c - You would want your children to think of themselves as South African

Q33d

Q33d - It is desirable to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups who live in this country

Q33e

Q33e - It is possible to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups in the country

Q33f

Q33f - Even though we have differences, there is more that unites us as South Africans than keeps us apart

RECONCILIATION_VAR

************RECONCILIATION***************

Q34a

Q34a - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? 1st mention

Q34b

Q34b - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 2nd mention

Q34c

Q34c - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 3rd mention

Q34a_other

Q34a_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? 1st mention (Other)

Q34b_other

Q34b_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 2nd mention (Other)

Q34c_other

Q34c_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 3rd mention (Other)

Q35a

Q35a - South Africans have made progress in reconciliation since the end of apartheid

Q35b

Q35b - My friends and family have experienced reconciliation after the end of apartheid

Q35c

Q35c - I believe the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) provided a good foundation for South Africa to achieve reconciliation

Q35d

Q35d - South Africans still need reconciliation

Q36a

Q36a - People who were disadvantaged under apartheid continue to be poor

Q36b

Q36b - Gender-based violence continue in our society.

Q36c

Q36c - We do not address racism in our society.

Q36e

Q36e - Political parties exploit social divisions for political gains.

Q36f

Q36f - Corruption continues in our country.

Q36g

Q36g - We continue using race categories to measure transformation.

Q37

Q37 - Who do you think should take the greatest responsibility for ensuring reconciliation in South Africa?

Q38a

Q38a - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - National government and elected representatives - like MPs and local councillors

Q38b

Q38b - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Civil society organisations and community organisations

Q38c

Q38c - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Business

Q38d

Q38d - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Religious and faith-based organisations

Q38e

Q38e - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - You and your family and friends

INTERGROUP2_VAR

Q39

Q39 - Excluding your own race group, which one race group do you find most difficult to associate with?

Q40a

Q40a - Living in a neighbourhood where half of your neighbours are people from the group you mentioned.

Q40b

Q40b - Having a person from the group you mentioned sitting next to your child, or the child of a family member, at school.

Q40c

Q40c - Having your child, or the child of a family member, taught by a person from the group you mentioned at school.

Q40d

Q40d - Having to work for and take instructions from a person from the group you mentioned. : Feelings about group difficult to associate with

Q40e

Q40e - Having a close relative marry a person from the group you mentioned.

Q40f

Q40f - Being treated by a doctor from the group you mentioned in an emergency situation

Q41a_rec

Q41a Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative of all races

Q41b_rec

Q41b Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of gender

Q41c_rec

Q41c Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of physical ability and disability

Q41a

Q41a - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative of all races

Q41b

Q41b - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of gender

Q41c

Q41c - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of physical ability and disability

Q42a

Q42a - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At work/place of study

Q42b

Q42b - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At home

Q42c

Q42c - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At commercial or retail spaces (such as shops and malls)

Q42d

Q42d - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At a social gathering and events

Q42e

Q42e - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At public recreational places

Q42f

Q42f - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? On public transport (such as on a bus)

Q43

Q43 - Would you like to interact more with people of different race groups?

Q44a

Q44a - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? First Mention

Q44b

Q44b - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? What else - Second Mention

Q44a_other

Q44a_other - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? First Mention (Other)

Q44b_other

Q44b_other - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? What else - Second Mention (Other)

RACISM_VAR

***********RACISM******************

Q45a

Q45a - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Work / Place of study

Q45b

Q45b - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Commercial and retail places (such as shops and malls)

Q45c

Q45c - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Public transport (while travelling)

Q45d

Q45d - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Public recreational places

Q45e

Q45e - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Social gatherings and events

SAFETY_VAR

********PERSONAL SAFETY***********

Q46a

Q46a - How safe do you feel in the following places? In your home

Q46b

Q46b - How safe do you feel in the following places? In the neighbourhood where you live

Q46c

Q46c - How safe do you feel in the following places? In commercial places (such as shops and malls)

Q46d

Q46d - How safe do you feel in the following places? In public recreational places (such as parks)

Total: 370

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