South Africa is characterised by income and wealth inequalities, as well as a high disease burden typical of a developing country. Given that income is an essential determinant of health and healthcare, one can imagine that access to critical healthcare and health outcomes will depend on socioeconomic position. This chapter, therefore, presents an overview of health inequalities in South Africa as related to socioeconomic position. The focus is on the magnitude of health disparities and, where data availability permits, ascertaining whether and in what direction such disparities have changed over time. By the end of this chapter, the reader would have been sufficiently informed about the stark socioeconomic inequalities that diminish health and healthcare access in South Africa. This knowledge will hopefully encourage debate about the need and ways to tackle health inequalities in the country aggressively.