Demographic and Health Survey 2016, South Africa
South Africa, 2016
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Reference ID
zaf-doh-dhs-2016-v1
Producer(s)
National Department of Health, Medical Research Council, Statistics South Africa
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Metadata
Created on
Mar 22, 2019
Last modified
Dec 01, 2021
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530346
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Identification
Survey ID Number
zaf-doh-dhs-2016-v1
Title
Demographic and Health Survey 2016, South Africa
Subtitle
South Africa
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| South Africa | zaf |
Study type
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
Abstract
The South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016 (SADHS 2016) is the third DHS conducted in South Africa and follows surveys carried out in 1998 and 2003. The SADHS 2016 was designed to provide up-to-date information on key indicators needed to track progress in South Africa’s health programmes.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data
Unit of Analysis
Households and individuals
Version
Version Description
v1: Edited, anonymised data available from an external repository
Version Date
2019
Scope
Notes
The scope of this survey includes fertility and childhood mortality levels, pregnancy-related mortality, fertility preferences and contraceptive use, utilisation of maternal and child health services, children’s nutritional status and child feeding practices, behaviour towards the risk of HIV infection, and measures of physical and sexual violence against women. In addition, among adults age 15 and older, use of tobacco and alcohol; the prevalence of malnutrition, hypertension, anaemia, diabetes, and HIV; and other indicators relevant to adult health were assessed.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The survey was designed to provide representative estimates for main demographic and health indicators for the country as a whole, for urban and non-urban areas separately, and for each of the nine provinces in South Africa: Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, North West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo.
Geographic Unit
The lowest level of geographical area covered by the data is Census 2011 enumeration areas (EAs)
Universe
The South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) covered the population living in private households in the country.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Department of Health | Government of South Africa |
| Medical Research Council | Government of South Africa |
| Statistics South Africa | Government of South Africa |
Producers
| Role |
|---|
| Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) | GF | Funder |
| Government of South Africa | Funder | |
| United Nations Children's Fund | UNICEF | Funder |
| European Union | EU | Funder |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Funder |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| DHS Program | ICS International | Technical assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample for the SADHS 2016 is a stratified sample selected in two stages from the Master Sampling Frame. Stratification was achieved by separating each province into urban, traditional, and farm areas. In total, 26 sampling strata were created (since there are no traditional areas in Western Cape). Samples were selected independently in each sampling stratum by a two-stage selection. Implicit stratification and proportional allocation were achieved at each of the lower administrative levels within a given sampling stratum by sorting the sampling frame according to administrative units at different levels in each stratum and using probability proportional to size selection at the first stage of sampling.
Response Rate
Of the total 972 PSUs that were selected, fieldwork was not implemented in three PSUs due to concerns about the safety of the interviewers and the questionnaires for another three PSUs were lost in transit. The data file contains information for a total of 966 PSUs. A total of 12,860 households was selected for the sample and 12,247 were successfully interviewed. The shortfall is primarily due to refusals and to dwellings that were vacant or in which the inhabitants had left for an extended period at the time they were visited by interviewing teams.
Of the 12,638 households occupied 97 percent were successfully interviewed. In these households, 12,327 women were identified as eligible for the individual women's interview (15-49) and interviews were completed with 11,735 or 95 percent of them. In the one half of the households that were selected for inclusion in the adult health survey 14,928 eligible adults age 15 and over were identified of which 13,827 or 93 percent were interviewed. The principal reason for non-response among eligible women and men was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was about 2 percent.
Of the 12,638 households occupied 97 percent were successfully interviewed. In these households, 12,327 women were identified as eligible for the individual women's interview (15-49) and interviews were completed with 11,735 or 95 percent of them. In the one half of the households that were selected for inclusion in the adult health survey 14,928 eligible adults age 15 and over were identified of which 13,827 or 93 percent were interviewed. The principal reason for non-response among eligible women and men was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the household. The refusal rate was about 2 percent.
Weighting
Due to the nonproportional allocation of the sample to the different survey domains and to their urban and non-urban areas, sampling weights will be required for any analysis using the SADHS 2016 data to ensure
the actual representativeness of the survey results at the national level and as well as the domain level. Since the SADHS 2016 sample is a two-stage stratified cluster sample, sampling weights were based on sampling probabilities calculated separately for each sampling stage and for each cluster.
the actual representativeness of the survey results at the national level and as well as the domain level. Since the SADHS 2016 sample is a two-stage stratified cluster sample, sampling weights were based on sampling probabilities calculated separately for each sampling stage and for each cluster.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-04 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the SAMRC Ethics Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics South Africa | statssa | Government of South Africa |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Five questionnaires were used in the SADHS 2016. Interviewers used tablet computers to record responses during interviews.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Sampling errors are computed in SAS, using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DHS Program | ICF International | archive@dhsprogram.com | Link |
Access conditions
Public use files, available to all
Citation requirements
National Department of Health, South African Medical Reserach Council & Statistics South Africa. Demographic and Health Survey 2016, South Africa [dataset]. Version 1. Pretoria: NDoH, SAMRC & Statistics SA [producers], 2019. Rockville: DHS Program [distributors], 2019.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DHS Program | ICF International | archive@dhsprogram.com | Link |
Metadata production
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| DataFirst | University of Cape Town | Metadata Producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2020-06-03
DDI Document version
Version 3