This report is the first country report on inequality trends published jointly as part of the South African ACEIR node partnership between the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU) based in the School of Economics at the University of Cape Town, Statistics South Africa, and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) with partial funding from the Research Facility on Inequalities, supported by the European Union. The report presents a broad overview of various dimensions of inequality in South Africa over the recent past, using a wide range of data sources. It presents results of inequality measurements for household income and expenditure, assets, earnings, employment, education, health, access to basic services, and social mobility. This multidimensional approach to the profiling of inequality provides stakeholders and policymakers with new insights on the inequality challenges facing South Africa’s democracy. Where possible, estimates were disaggregated by population group, sex and/or geography. Thus, the results present evidence on both vertical and horizontal inequality.