RIA ICT Access Survey 2017-2018
Africa, 2017 - 2018
Get Microdata
Reference ID
zaf-ria-rias-2017-2018-v1.1
Producer(s)
Research ICT Africa
Collections
Metadata
Created on
Jun 26, 2019
Last modified
Feb 25, 2022
Page views
137027
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11103
M31.Is there anything that prevents you from using mobile phone more? (probe ful (M_31uncoded)
Data file: rias-2017-2018-hhold-v1
Overview
Valid:
1253
Type:
Discrete
loc_start_pos:
3233
loc_end_pos:
3369
Width:
137
Range:
-
Format:
character
Questions and instructions
Categories
| Value | Category | Cases | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| 00 | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| 1 | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ABSENCE OF ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AIRTIME COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AIRTIME IS TOO COSTIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ALWAYS BUSY WITH STUDIES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM ALWAYS BUSY WITH MY WORK SO I FIND IT DIFFICULT PRESSING MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM ALWAYS VERY BUSY WITH MY WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM JUST NOT INTERESTED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM NOT COMFORTABLE WITH IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM NOTMOF AGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM STILL IN USE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM STILL USING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM STILL USING IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM USING IT | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| AM VERY BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM VERY BUSY WITH MY BUSINESS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AM VERY BUSY WITH MY WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ASSUMING I KNOW HOW TO BE BROWSING,I WOULD HAVE BEEN USING IT MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AT WORK | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| AVAILABILITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| AVAILABLE EVERY WHERE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BABU | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| BAD NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BAD NETWORK AND ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BAD NETWORK COVERAGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BAD NETWORK FOR BROWSING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BAD NETWORK SERVICE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BATTERY CHARGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BATTERY DRAINAGE ISSUES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BATTERY PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE I DON'T HAVE FUNCTIONAL BANK ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE AM ALWAYS BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE AM NOT WELL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE I AM NOT INTERESTED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE I HAVE NO ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF FRAUDSTERS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF FRODSTERS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF MY PHONE THAT IS NOT A BROWSABLE ONE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF MY WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF MY WORK, ALWAYS BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF RADIATION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF THE ACTIVENESS OF MY ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF THE FRODSTERS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE OF TRUST. SOME PEOPLE TRY TO PLAY SMART ON OTHER. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BECAUSE THE SERVICE IS NOT AVAILABLE AT MY VELAGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BROKEN PHONE SCREEN. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| BUSY TAKING CARE OF DUTIES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CALL CHARGES | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| CAN READ AND WRITE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CAN'T TELL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHARGE BUTTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHARGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHARGES ON WITHDRAWAL IS VERY HIGH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHARGING PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHURCH AACTIVITIES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CHURCH PROGRAMS AND WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COOKING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST CHARGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF BUYING CREDIT | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| COST OF CALL CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF CREDIT | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| COST OF CREDIT AND HOW UT FINISHES FAST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF CREDIT IS TOO HIGH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF DATA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF DATA, IS TOO HIGH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| COST OF MOBILE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CREDIT | 5 |
0.4%
|
|
| CREDIT PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| CREDIT TOO COSTIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DATA CHARGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DATA COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DATA DOESN'T LAST LONG AS IT SHOULD COMPARE TO BEFORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT END MUCH INCOME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT HAVE INTREAST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT HAVE LIGHT TO CHARGE MY PHONE ALWAYS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT HAVE MUCH MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT KNOW NOW IT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT KWON | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DO NOT MUCH ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T HAVE BANK ACCOUNT | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| DON'T HAVE MUCH TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW | 5 |
0.4%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW FOR NOW | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW ABOUT THEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW HOW IT WORKS | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW HOW TO USE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW HOW TO USE IT | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW IT | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW THE USEFULNESS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| DON'T NEED IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T PAY ATTENTION TO PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T PERFORM ANY TRANSACTION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T UNDERSTAND IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DON'T USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT FEEL COMFORTABLE WITH IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW HOW TO APPLY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW HOW TO USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW HOW TO USE IT AND I DONT KNOW MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOW WHAT MOBILE MONEY IS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT KNOWN ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DONT TRUST IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| DURING READING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ECONOMIC ABILITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| EDUCATION BECAUSE SOMETIMES I HAVE TO LEARN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ELECTRIC LIGHT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ELECTRICITY | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| ELECTRICITY (POWER) | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ELECTRICITY IS A PROBLEM HERE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| EXCEPT LOW BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| EXCEPT WHEN I HAVE LOW BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| EXCEPT WHEN LOST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| EXPECT SICKNESS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FAKE BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FARMING | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| FARMING ACTIVITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FASHION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FAST TO ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FINANCIAL,TIME CONSTRAINTS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FOOTBALL PLAYING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FOR SENDING AND RECEIVING MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| FOR SENDING AND RECEIVING MONEY FROM PEOPLE AND RELATIVES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| GAME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| GOING TO FARM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| GUYS SHOWING THEIR NUDE VIDEO TO ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HAVE NEVER HARD OF MOBILE MONEY BEFORE BECAUSE I HAVE NEVER BEEN TO BANK BEFORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HAVE PROBLEMS WITH MY EYE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HAVING TIME WITH FRIENDS OR FAMILY MEMBERS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HE NOT LINK TO USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH BATTERY DRAINAGE PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH CHARGES ,POOR RECEPTION OF NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH CHARGES, WORK RELATED ISSUES, | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH COST OF BUYING CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH COST OF CALL CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| HIGH COST OF CREDIT | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| HIGH RATE OF CHARGING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I AM LEARNING HOW TO SEW SO I CANNOT BE PRESSING MY PHONE ALL DAY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I AM NOT COMFORTABLE PRESSING THE BUTTON OF MY PHONE ALWAYS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I AM NOT COMPUTER LITERATE,COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I AM NOT EMPLOY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CAN NOT READ SO I DON'T UNDERSTAND ANYTHING IN THE PHONE EXCEPT MAKING CALLS AND RECEIVING CALLS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CAN'T ACCESS WHATSAPP SINCE MY CELL ISN'T AN ANDROID SMARTPHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CAN'T DO MORE THE THINGS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CAN'T DO MOST OF THE THINGS BY MY SELF | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CAN'T USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I CANNOT CONVENIENTLY USE MY CELL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DIDN'T GET TIME TO GO AND REGISTER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO IT ON MY HUSBAND PHONE BECAUSE I DONT HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO NOT HAVE A PHONE THAT CAN DO THAT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO NOT HAVE MUCH TIME BECAUSE OF MY WORK. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO NOT HAVE TIME TO BROWSE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO NOT KNOW | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DO NOT KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW TO USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T ABOUT MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T EVEN WHAT IT MEANS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE A SMARTPHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE ACCESS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE AN ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE MUCH TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE SUCH KIND OF PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE SUCH PHONE | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T HAVE TIME FOR PHONES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW ABOUT IT | 6 |
0.5%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW ABOUT IT. | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW ABOUT MOBILE MONEY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW DO IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW TO IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW TO OPERATE IT WELL BECAUSE I DID NOT GO TO SCHOOL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW TO USE IT | 6 |
0.5%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW HOW TO USE IT. | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW IT. | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW MOBILE MONEY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT SMART PHONES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT THE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS, AS I HAVE NEVER HEARD IF IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT MOBILE IS | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT MOBILE MONEY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT MOBILE PHONE IS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T KNOW WHAT'S MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T LIKE IT. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T NEED IT | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| I DON'T NEED TO SEND OR RECEIVED MONEY THROUGH MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T SENT MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DON'T UNDERSTAND IT | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I DONT HAVE FULL TRUST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT HAVE INTEREST IN OTHER STUFFS U DO WITH PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT HAVE MUCH TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT JUST LIKE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW HOW TO OPERATE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW HOW TO OPERSTE THE PHONE, I ONLY USE IT TO CALL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW HOW TO USE IT. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW MUCH ABOUT THESE THINGS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT KNOW MUCH ON HOW TO USE MY PHONE FOR MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I DONT TRUST THEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I GET MY MONEY BY CASH FROM RELATIVES. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE LESS TIME TO SPARE I'M NOT ALLOWED TO USE MY CELL FREQUENTLY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF MY MOBILE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE NO ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE NO MUCH TIME FOR IT AM ALWAYS AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE NOT REGISTERED MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE PROBLEM ON MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVE VERY LITTLE EDUCATION AND I'M NOT CONVERSANT WITH SUCH GADGETS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I HAVEN'T REGISTERED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I JUST BOUGHT PHONE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I JUST DON'T USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I JUST GOT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I LOST MY OLD SIM, WHICH I REGISTERED BEFORE, THIS SIM IS A NEW ONE, AND IT WILL BE REGISTERED SOON | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I NO SABI | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I ONLY USE IT TO BUY CARD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I PREFER FACE TO FACE TRANSACTION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I PREFER INTERNET BANKING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I PREFER USING ONE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I REST A A LOT THAN THE TIME I USE ON MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I TRIED BUT I CAN'T | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USE IT | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I USE IT MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USE IT OFTEN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USE MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USE MY PHONE EVERY DAY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED FOR PHONE AND ALSO MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED IT TO RECEIVE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED IT TO SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED MOBILE MONEY EVERY NOW AND THEN TO RECEIVE AND SEND MONEY TO MY FAMILY AND FRIENDS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED MOBILE PHONE ALWAYS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I USED TO SEND MY WIFE AND KID MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I'M A BUSINESS MAN AND I DON'T HAVE TIME FOR MY PHONE UNLESS NECESSARY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| I'M AFRAID OF FRAUD | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| I'M NOT INTERESTED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IAM ALWAYS BUSY WITH MY HOUSE CHOICES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF AM EXTREMELY WORKING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF CALL RATE IS INCREASING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF I CAN'T FIND WHERE TO CHARGE MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF I DON'T HAVE ANYTHING TO SAY, | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF I DON'T HAVE CREDIT OR WHEN AM BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF IT GET BURNT OR CONTACT VIRUS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF IT IS TOO EXPENSIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF IT SPOILED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF MY BATTERY US VERY LOW. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF MY PHONE GET SPOIL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF NEPA REFUSES TO BRING LIGHT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THE PHONE IS NOT CAPABLE OF THE APPLICATIONS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THE THE BROWSING ABILITY IS VERY SLOW | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE IS BAD RECEPTION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE IS LACK OF ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE IS NO BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE IS NO LIGHT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE IS NO LIGHT TO CHARGE MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE NO ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IF THERE NO WAY TO CHARGE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ILLITERACY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IM NOT OLD ENOUGH TO HAVE MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IN DON'T KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IN THE FUTURE I WILL USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INADEQUATE TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INCAPABLE TO USE THE APPLICATION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INCONSISTENT OF ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INFREQUENT CREDIT DUE TO MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INSUFFICIENT TIME TO USE THE PHONE BECAUSE OF BUSY NATURE OF WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| INTERNET CONNECTIVITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IS WHEN MY PHONE BROKEN DOWN OR STOLEN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IS WHEN THERE'S A BAD COVERAGE WHICH FAILS ME WHEN AM GOING TO REDRAW MONEY SOMETIMES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT COMPLICATION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT COSTLY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT IS BECAUSE OF MY RELATIVES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT IS EXPENSIVE | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| IT IS MORE GOOD TO ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT IS NOT AN ENABLING PHONE FOR SOCIA MEDIA AND OTHER ACTIVITIES ONLINE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT IS ONLY NETWORK PROBLEM IN SOME RURAL AREAS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT'S ALL ABOUT THE MEANS TO AFFORD CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT'S NOT HERE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT'S NOT IN MY LOCALITY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| IT'S WHEN AM PHONE IS BROKE DOWN OR STOLEN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ITS ADDICTIVE PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ITS SPEED IS TOO LOW. WISH I HAD A FASTER ONE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| JUST NETWORK PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| JUST RECEPTION PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF CAPITAL AND BAD NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF DATA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF FUNDS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF HAVING SMART PHONES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF MONEY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| LACK OF MONEY AND BAD NETWORK. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF MONEY FOR AIR TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF MONEY TO BUY RECHARGE CARD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF MONEY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LACK OF TIME, NETWORK PROBLEM AND MONEY FOR AIRTIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LEARNING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LESS MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LIABILITY AND COST OF USAGE IS TOO MUCH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LIGHT | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| LIGHT AND NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LIGHT AND NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LIGHT FLUCTUATIONS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LIMITED KNOWLEDGE ON HOW TO USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LOT OF CONDITIONS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LOW BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LOW BATTERY OR LOW DATA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| LOW BATTERY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MAKE THINGS FASTER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MOBILE PHONE IS FRAGILE MOBILE PHONE IS EXPENSIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MOBILE PHONE IS TOO EXPENSIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MOBILE PHONE IS TOO EXTENSIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| MONEY TO BUY IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY FOR CALLS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY FOR RECHARGE CARD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY TO GET A SMART PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY TO PURCHASE THE CREDIT AND TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY. I DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY RECHARGE CARD TO MAKE CALL. ALSO IS NETWORK PROBLEM. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MONEY. I DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO RECHARGE OR BUY DATA. SOMETIMES IT IS NETWORK PROBLEM AND ALSO ELECTRICITY TO CHARGE MY PHONE BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MOSTLY I RECEIVED MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY ACADEMICS: I HAVE TO GET MORE TIME TO MY BOOK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY ACCOUNT HAS BEEN DORMANT SO AM THINKING OF RE-OPENING IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY BOOKS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY BUSINESS | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| MY BUSINESS IS PRIORITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY CHILDREN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY CHILDREN USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY EDUCATION | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| MY HUSBAND USES MY PHONE BECAUSE HIS PHONE IS FAULTY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY ILLITERACY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY JOB MOST OFTEN PREVENT ME FROM USING MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY PHONE DO NOT BROWSE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY PHONE FREEZES A LOT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY PHONE IS A SMALL PHONE I CAN'T USE IT TO DO MUCH, LIKE BROWSING THE INTERNET AND OTHER THINGS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY PHONE IS SPOILT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY STUDIES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY TIME IS ALWAYS LIMITED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY WORK AND SERVICE CHARGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY WORK IS STRANEOUS SO I GET TIRED. AM A TRACTOR DRIVER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY WORK IS VERY DEMANDING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| MY WORK PREVENTS ME FROM USING MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| N/A | 5 |
0.4%
|
|
| NA | 10 |
0.8%
|
|
| NA MONEY TO BUY RECHARGE CARD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NATIN | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NATION I JUST LIKE USING IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWOEK PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK | 11 |
0.9%
|
|
| NETWORK COVERAGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK FAILURE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK IS ALWAYS AVAILABLE AT MY AREA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PEOBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM | 12 |
1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM ..SOMETIMES YOU CAN HEAR SOMEONE CALLING YOU BUT THE PERSON CANNOT HEAR YOU | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM AND CREDIT RUNS OUT FAST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM AND ENOUGH MONEY TO RECHARGE MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM IN TERMS IF BROWSING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEM SOMETIMES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEMS | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NETWORK PROBLEMS EXPECIALLY MTN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK UNAVAILABILITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK, POWER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NETWORK,WHEN THERE IS NO NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NEVER HEARD OF IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO | 102 |
8.1%
|
|
| NO ACCESS TO ONE | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NO BANK ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO BANK IN MY AREA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO BODY HAS INTRODUCED ME TO THAT, IT'S NEW TO ME. AND SINCE I DO NOT HAVE BANK ACCOUNT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO COMMENT | 11 |
0.9%
|
|
| NO COMMET | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO ENOUGH MONEY TO CARRY OUT SUCH TRANSACTIONS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO EXPERIENCE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO INTREST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO KNOWLEDGE OF IT. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MOBILE MONEY AGENT AT MY TOWN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MONEY BECAUSE I'VE RETIRED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MONEY TO BUY AIRTIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MONEY TO BUY SMART PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MONEY TO TRANSFER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO MUCH TIME AFTER WORK BECAUSE I BECOME TIRED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO NEED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO THERE IS NOT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO THING | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NO TIME AM ALWAYS BUSY AT WORK. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO,NO,NO. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NO. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOGHTING PREVENTS ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NON | 5 |
0.4%
|
|
| NONE | 67 |
5.3%
|
|
| NONE, THINKING ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT ACCESSIBLE IN OUR DOMAIN. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT CONVERSANT WITH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT ENTRESTED | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NOT INTERESTED | 8 |
0.6%
|
|
| NOT KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT MORE OF APPLICATION | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT NECESSARY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT NECESSARY TO ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT NEEDED FOR ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT REALLY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOT THAT NECESSARYY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING | 298 |
23.8%
|
|
| NOTHING (BABU) | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING APART FROM NETWORK PROBLEMS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING AT ALL | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| NOTHING CAN PREVENTS ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING DON'T KNOW IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING I JUST FEEL LIKE NOT USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING JUST THAT THINGS ARE NOT EASY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING OTHER THAN POOR NETWORK. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING PREVENT JUST FEEL LIKE NOT USE IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING PREVENT ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING PREVENTS MR | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING REALLY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NOTHING UNLESS IF THERE IS NO ELECTRICITY TO CHARGE IT. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING WILL PREVENT ME FROM USING MOBILE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING,NOTHING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING,NOTHING,NOT AT ALL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING,NOTHING,NOTHING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING,NOTHING,NOTHING. | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| NOTHING,NOTHING. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHING. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTHINH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| NOTIN | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ON RAINY HOURS AND LIGHT OF MOMENTS WE NORMALLY EXPERIENCE NETWORK PROBLEMS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY AWARE OF MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY IF I HAVE LOW BATTERY ON MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY IF IT GET DAMAGED | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY IF THERE IS NO ELECTRICITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY IF THERE'S NETWORK PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY LOW BATTERY CAN PREVENT ME FROM USING MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY THE COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY WHEN AM SLEEPING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY WHEN I DON'T HAVE AIRTIME OR DATA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY WHEN IT GOT SPOILT OR NO NETWORK, OR BATTERY RUNS DOWN. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| ONLY WHEN THERE'S NO LIGHT TO CHARGE MY PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| OUT OF CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| PAYMENT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| PHONE FREEZES A LOT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| PHONE IS BAD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POOR COVERAGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POOR NETWORK | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| POOR NETWORK BOTH FOR VOICE CALLS AND SENDING MESSAGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POOR NETWORK CAN PREVENT, LOW BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POOR RECEPTION OF NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER FAILURE RESULTING IN LOW BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER FAILURE, NETWORK FAILURE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER FAILURES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER OUTAGE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| POWER SUPPLY TO CHARGE THE PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| PREFER USING BANK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| QUR'AN STUDIES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| RECEPTION PROBLEM. SOMETIMES IF YOU GO TO THE VILLAGE YOU CAN HARDLY MAKE CALLS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| RELATIVES AND THE WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SCHOOL | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| SCHOOLING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SECURITY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SECURITY REASONS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY ONLY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY. SAVE MONEY TOO | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SENDING AND RECEIVING MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SERVICE CHARGES | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| SHORTAGE OF POWER | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SHORTAGE OF POWER SUPPLY | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| SIMPLICITY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| SLEEPING | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| SLEEPING OR WORKING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SOME FEATURES OR APPS ARE INACCESSIBLE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| SOMETIMES WHEN AM BUSY AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| STILL DOING IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| STILL USING MOBILE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| STRENGTH OF NETWORK WITHIN MY AREA. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| STRESS OF WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| STUDIES | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| TAKES MUCH OF TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THAT IS IF I RAN OUT OF CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THAT IS IF THERE IS NO CREDIT TO BUY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE CHARGES (WHAT ABOUT THE CHARGES) DATA USUALLY FINISHED QUICKLY WITHOUT EXPECTING. AND SOMETIMES BAD NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE COST DATA, HIGH COST OF MAINTENANCE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE COST OF USING IT AS IN PAYING FOR IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE INTERSECTION OF THE NETWORK WITH TOGO CELL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE NATURE OF MY JOB PRESENTS ME FROM USING MY PHONE MORE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE NETWORK CHALLENGE SOMETIMES IS ANNOYING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE NETWORK COVERAGE | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| THE NETWORK IS UNFAVOURABLE IN MY AREA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE ONE IS OKAY FOR ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THE SERVICE NETWORK IS BAD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| THERE IS NOTHING | 4 |
0.3%
|
|
| TIME | 17 |
1.4%
|
|
| TIME AND COST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TIME AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TIME BECAUSE AM ALWAYS BUSY. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TIME FACTOR | 5 |
0.4%
|
|
| TIME FACTOR. I SPEND MOST OF MY TIME READING MY BOOKS. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TO MONEY RECEIVE MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TO RECEIVE AND MAKE PAYMENT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TO RECEIVE AND SEND MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TO RECEIVE MONEY FROM FAMILY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TO SEND AND RECEIVE MONEY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| TOO BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TOO EXPENSIVE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| TOO MANY APPLICATION MAKING ME CONFUSE SO I JUST IGNORE THEM. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNAVAILABLE SMARTPHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNFAVOURABLE NETWORK AND NO BANK OR AGENT NEAR BY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNFAVOURABLE NETWORK IN AREA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNLESS IF AM NOT WITH SMART PHONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNLESS IF NETWORK IS BAD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNLESS IF THERE'S NO NETWORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNLESS MY PHONE IS SPOIL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNNECESSARY CHARGES | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| UNREASONABLE DEDUCTIONS BY 9MOBILE. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| VERY SIMPLE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WASTE OF MONEY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WASTE OF TIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WATCHING NEWS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WATCHING TV | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WEAK BATTERY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WEB THERE IS BAD NETWORK CONNECTION.THATS POOR RECEPTION. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM ABOUT TO WRITE MY EXAMS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM BUSH WORKING AT HOME. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM BUSY WITH MY BOOKS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM BUSY WITH MY WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM FARMING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM IN CLASS RECIEVING LECTURE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM VERY BUSY AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AM VERY VERY BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AT MARKET OR SHOP | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN BUSY | 3 |
0.2%
|
|
| WHEN BUSY OR IT GET LOST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN BUSY OR WHEN MY PHONE GET LOST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN BUSY WITH OTHER THING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN COOKING AND CHURCH HOURS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I AM AT WORK | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I AM BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I AM WITH MY FRIENDS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I DON'T HAVE RECHARGE CARD AND POWER PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I KNOW ABOUT IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I M BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I WAS IN SCHOOL. | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M BUSY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| WHEN I'M BUSY COOKING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M BUSY ON MY BUSINESS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M BUSY TALKING WITH MY FRIEND'S | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M BUSY WASHING | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M FEELING DIZZY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN I'M SHORT OF CREDIT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN IBNEED TO REST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN IN CHURCH OR BUSY DOING SOME THING ELSEWHERE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN IT COST ME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN LAM BUSY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN MY PHONE LOST | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN MY PHONE LOST OR I DON'T HAVE MONEY TO BUY NEW ONE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN OUT OF CALL CREDIT AND DATA | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN THE NETWORK IS NOT GOOD | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN THE PHONE IS FAULTY | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN THERE IS NO ONE TO CALL | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN WORKING ON LAPTOP | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WHEN WORKING OR BUSY | 2 |
0.2%
|
|
| WHEN WORKING, COOKING OR AT CHURCH | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WORK | 23 |
1.8%
|
|
| WORK, | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| WORKING HOURS | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| YES MY PHONE IS FAULTY AND I DON'T HAVE MONEY TO FIX IT | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| YES, COST OF AIRTIME | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| YES, POWER PROBLEM AND RECEPTION PROBLEM | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| YES; I DON'T KNOW HOW TO BROWSE | 1 |
0.1%
|
|
| YOU CAN EASILY MAKE MISTAKE WHEN TRANSACTION | 1 |
0.1%
|
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.