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2020-05-21
Nesstar Publisher
Version 4
Rural Survey 1997
RS 1997
zaf-statssa-rs-1997-v1.1
Statistics South Africa
Copyright, Statistics South Africa
Nesstar Publisher
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Household Survey [hh]
Statistics South Africa. Rural Survey 1997 [dataset]. Version 1.1. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa [producer], 1999. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/drd6-rw93
v1.1: Edited, anonymised dataset for licensed distribution
Version 1.1 is the data received from Statistics South Africa, with variable and value labels added by DataFirst
The 1997 rural survey was designed to determine to what extent rural households in the former homelands had access to land and to income-generating activities. In addition the survey sought to obtain data on actual farming activities. The survey was the first of its kind undertaken by Statistics South Africa.
South Africa
The survey had national coverage but only of the former "homeland" areas
The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is magisterial district
Households and individuals
The survey covered households in the former "homelands" of South Africa
Sample survey data
The 1996 census sampling frame was used to select EAs for the 1997 Rural Survey but the survey was restricted to the former homeland areas, i.e. Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei (TBVC states); KaNgwane, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, Gazankulu, Qwaqwa and Lebowa (self governing territories). A total of 600 enumeration areas (EAs) were drawn and 10 households were selected from each EA, yielding a sample of about 6 000 households. Sample selection was carried out independently in each stratum applying a two stage sampling procedure; a systematic sample of EAs followed by a systematic sample of households.Former homelands in six provinces were regarded as natural occurring strata and as a result Western Cape, Northern Cape and Gauteng were not part of the strata.
Face-to-face [f2f]
Since the sample design was not necessarily a self-weighting design, weights had to be used. Two types of weights were calculated, namely, person weights and household weights. Household weights were calculated by using the reciprocal of the product of an EA inclusion probability and a household inclusion probability. Relative scaling was done on the household weight due to the changes in EA sizes in the 1996 census sample frame and to take into account the growth rate of the population from 1996 to 1997. Person weights were calculated by first post-stratifying the data by province (former homeland in a province) gender and 5 year age groups. The 1996 Census population figures were used as benchmarks for the post stratum. Since the target areas were former homelands, which are largely African areas, population group was a factor in the benchmarks.
DataFirst
Statistics South Africa. Rural Survey 1997 [dataset]. Version 1.1. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa [producer], 1999. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/drd6-rw93
Public use files, available to all
Rural Survey 1997 Agric_inp_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Aprdpdc_v1.1.NSDstat
0
8
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Atransp_v1.1.NSDstat
0
13
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Disloanr_v1.1.NSDstat
0
11
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Final_b_v1.1.NSDstat
0
61
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Final_h_v1.1.NSDstat
0
36
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Final_m_v1.1.NSDstat
0
8
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Final_p_v1.1.NSDstat
0
26
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Frmadinf_v1.1.NSDstat
0
6
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Frmadvi_v1.1.NSDstat
0
15
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Frmempl_v1.1.NSDstat
0
8
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Frmprdsl_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Growfrmp_v1.1.NSDstat
0
9
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Heplpaid_v1.1.NSDstat
0
8
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Implemen_v1.1.NSDstat
0
10
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Loancs_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Loans_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Ls_own_v1.1.NSDstat
0
8
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Ls_sold_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
Rural Survey 1997 Oth_aprd_v1.1.NSDstat
0
7
Nesstar 200801
UQNR
0
0
INPTTYPE
0
0
1
Fertilizer (including lime)
2
Manure
3
Seeds
4
Seedlings
5
Sprays, herbicides and insecticides
MAINSUPP
0
0
1
Other farmers/ relatives
2
Farmer cooperatives
3
Local shops
4
Urban shops
5
Other
QUANOBTN
0
0
INPTCST
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
QUANPDUC
0
0
UQNR
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
APPCODE
0
0
1
Eggs
2
Milk
3
Butter
QUANSLD
0
0
MNYRECV
0
0
PRSOLD
0
0
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
DISTYPE
0
0
DISRELIE
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
DISAMTRE
0
0
SUBSTYPE
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
SUBSRECV
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
SUBSAMTR
0
0
DISYRREC
0
0
SUBSYRRE
0
0
APPLLOAN
0
0
RECVLOAN
0
0
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
LOANTYPE
0
0
1
Relative or friend
2
Stokvel club/ burial society
3
Money lender
4
Commercial bank/ building society
5
Development agency/Agricultural
6
Land and agricultural bank
7
Village board
8
Agricultural associations, e.g. cane growers
9
Other
LOANYR
0
0
LOANAMT
0
0
INTEREST
0
0
AMTOUT
0
0
LOANPURP
0
0
OLOANTYP
0
0
LOAN
0
0
UQNR
0
0
PERSONNR
0
0
GENDER
0
0
1
Male
2
Female
PERSWGT
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
OCCCODE
0
0
FRMRSN
0
0
1
To produce enough food for the household to eat
2
To earn a living by selling farm produce
3
Other
OTHRSN
0
0
FARMER
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
AGRITRAI
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
AFRMTRAI
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
FRMMNGTR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
PREVFRM
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
FLDCROPS
0
0
VEGTBLS
0
0
FRTTREES
0
0
OTHUSES
0
0
OTHDESC
0
0
NOTUSED
0
0
MORECROP
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
LNDAFFEC
0
0
FAILRSN
0
0
1
Lack of water/drought
2
Floods/heavy rainfall
3
Fire
4
Hail
5
Diseases of crops/pests/insects
6
Poor quality of the soil
7
Insufficient fertilizer/manure
8
Other
FAILORSN
0
0
MNYSPEND
0
0
GRAZELND
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
OWNCOMLN
0
0
1
Communal grazing land
2
Land for your own use
3
Both
LNDSIZE
0
0
BLDINGS
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
OPNKRAAL
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
MTHDCTRL
0
0
OTHMTHD
0
0
DIPFCTIE
0
0
1
Very useful
2
Rather useful
3
Not at all useful
CNTCNTR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
BRNDCNTR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
NRCHICKS
0
0
MNY9
0
0
CHICK
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
CHSOLD
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
LIVESTK
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
MNYS9
0
0
ANIMPR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
GROWPR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
OTHANIMP
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
LBIOHECT
0
0
GROWPRF
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
METHCODE
0
0
1
Cart
2
Wheelbarrow
3
Bakkie
4
Carry it
5
Other
MWATERSR
0
0
1
River/ stream running through the farm
2
Dam or pond on the farm
3
Borehole on the farm
4
Rainwater tank on the farm
5
Well or fountain on the farm
6
Irrigation canal/channel running
7
Piped water to the farm and other sources
OFTENDRY
0
0
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometimes
4
Often
IRRIGATI
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
WATERSRC
0
0
1
Rely on the rain
2
Fetch water from a source outside the farm
TIMETAKE
0
0
WATER15
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
ATRANS
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
TLSUSED
0
0
1
Animals
2
Tractors
3
Manual tool
4
None
PLGHSRVC
0
0
TOOLS20
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
IMPL21
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
CRFAIL
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
SELLLIVE
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
FRMPRSL
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
UQNR
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
DISTCODE
0
0
EACODE
0
0
VISITPNT
0
0
GEOLOC
0
0
1
Rural area/ farm- former “white” area
2
Rural area/ farm/ village- former “homeland” area
3
Semi-rural/ denser settlement- former “homeland” area
4
Semi-urban/ small town- not in former “homeland” area
DWELLOCC
0
0
1
Less than one dwelling
2
One dwelling
3
Two dwellings
4
Three dwellings
5
Four dwellings
6
More than four dwellings
DWELLTYP
0
0
1
House/ or other brick structure
2
Traditional dwelling/ hut/ structure of
3
Shack
4
Other
ODWELLTY
0
0
NRROOMS
0
0
ELEC
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
PWACCESS
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
PWNEARST
0
0
1
Less than 100m
2
100m- less than 200m
3
200m- less than 500m
4
500m- less than 1 km
5
1 km or more
TOILET
0
0
1
Flush toilet inside the dwelling
2
Flush toilet outside the dwelling
3
Pit latrine
4
Bucket toilet
5
Other
OTHTOILE
0
0
STPCODE
0
0
1
The case was reported to the land commission/land affairs
2
The matter was taken to court
3
The matter was taken up to local induna/ chief
RSNCODE
0
0
1
It was not their farm
2
Lack of consultation with the authorities
3
Didn’t know the reason for being removed
4
Complaint not accepted by chief
YRMOVED
0
0
MOVE1913
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
RECLAIM
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
HOWACCES
0
0
0
Unspecified
1
Tribal Authority land was inherited by a household member
2
The private land was inherited by a household member
3
The land was purchased by a household member
4
The land is rented/ leased from a private owner
5
The land was allocated by a local/ tribal authority
6
The land was allocated by the state
7
The land belongs to the employer
8
The land is occupied informally
9
Other
OTHACCES
0
0
PERMISSI
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
TTLEDEED
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
MRKTVALU
0
0
PRIMINC
0
0
1
Salaries and wages from member(s)
2
Pension
3
Remittances/ allowances received from family members
4
Farming activities
5
Other sources
SECINC
0
0
1
Salaries and wages from member(s)
2
Pension
3
Remittances/ allowances received from family members
4
Farming activities
5
Other sources
THIRDINC
0
0
1
Salaries and wages from member(s)
2
Pension
3
Remittances/ allowances received from family members
4
Farming activities
5
Other sources
OTHINC
0
0
PREVINC
0
0
1
None
2
R1-R200
3
R201-R400
4
R401-R800
5
R801-R1 500
6
R1 501-R3 000
7
R3 001-R6 000
8
R6 001-R12 000
9
R12 001 or more
TOTPERS
0
0
HHMA
0
0
HHFA
0
0
HHMC
0
0
HHFC
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
MGRANTNR
0
0
1
Person 1
2
Person 2
3
Person 3
4
Person 4
5
Person 5
6
Person 6
7
Person 7
8
Person 8
CTRYCODE
0
0
10
Malawi
DISTCODE
0
0
OCCCODE
0
0
GENDER
0
0
1
Male
2
Female
PROV
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
PERSONNR
0
0
SCHCODE
0
0
0
None
1
Grade 0
2
Sub A/ Grade 1
3
Sub b/ Grade 2
4
Std 1/ Grade 3
5
Std 2/ Grade 4
6
Std 3/ Grade 5
7
Std 4/ Grade 6
8
Std 5/ Grade 7
9
Std 6/ Form I/ Grade 8
10
Std 7/ Form II/ Grade 9
11
Std 8/ Form III/ Grade 10
12
Std 9/ Form IV/ Grade 11
13
Std 10/ Form V/ Grade 12
PSECODE
0
0
0
Other
1
Certificate
2
Diploma
3
Bachelor degree
4
Bachelor degree plus a post graduate diploma
5
Bachelor degree plus honours
7
Doctors degree
OCCCODE
0
0
GENDER
0
0
1
Male
2
Female
POPGRP
0
0
1
African/ Black
2
Coloured
3
Asian/ Indian
4
White
AGE
0
0
RELATEHD
0
0
1
Head of household
2
Husband/ wife/ partner
3
Son/ daughter
4
Brother/ sister
5
Father/ mother
6
Grandparent
7
Grandchild
8
Other relative
9
Non-related person
STUDY
0
0
1
Yes- Full- time
2
Yes- Part- time
3
No
FRMLWRK
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
INFRMLWR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don’t know
FRMWRK
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
ANYFRMWR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
EMPTYPE
0
0
1
Self-employed
2
An employer
3
An employee
4
Other (e.g work in family business)
NOWORK
0
0
1
Unemployed
2
Housewife full -time
3
Child, not yet scholar
4
Scholar/ student
5
Retired/ pensioner
6
Disabled (can’t work)
7
Other
PRESPOND
0
0
VISP
0
0
DISTR1
0
0
EA1
0
0
AGEGRP
0
0
PERSWGT
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
GEOLOC
0
0
1
Rural area/ farm- former “white” area
2
Rural area/ farm/ village- former “homeland” area
3
Semi-rural/ denser settlement- former “homeland” area
4
Semi-urban/ small town- not in former “homeland” area
EDUC
0
0
UQNR
0
0
SRCTYPE
0
0
1
Newspapers and magazines
2
Radio programs
3
Other farmers
4
Market agents
5
Farmers’ cooperatives
6
Agricultural extension officer
7
Other
USESRCOF
0
0
1
Every day
2
About once a week
3
About once a month
4
Less often than once a month
5
Never
SRCOTH
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
MOSTNEED
0
0
1
Training
2
Access to more land
3
Access to finance
4
Access to water
LEASTNEE
0
0
1
Training
2
Access to more land
3
Access to finance
4
Access to water
AEOOFTEN
0
0
1
Once
2
Twice
3
Three times
4
More often
AEOTYPE
0
0
1
Nothing
2
Animal farming
3
Crop farming and agricultural produce
4
Farm management
5
Other
AEOOTH
0
0
AEOHLP
0
0
1
Not at all helpful
2
Slightly helpful
3
Very helpful
OOOFTEN
0
0
1
Once
2
Twice
3
Three times
4
More often
OOTYPE
0
0
1
Nothing
2
Animal farming
3
Crop farming and agricultural produce
4
Farm management
5
Other
OOOTH
0
0
OOHLP
0
0
1
Not at all helpful
2
Slightly helpful
3
Very helpful
HLPFRM
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
AMTRECV
0
0
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
EMPLTYPE
0
0
1
Unpaid family members
2
Workers
3
Workers who do not receive cash payment
4
Paid workers: in regular employment
5
Paid workers: casual or seasonal
MANR
0
0
FANR
0
0
MCNR
0
0
FCNR
0
0
UQNR
0
0
TYPEPRDS
0
0
1
Maize
2
Sorghum
3
Barley
4
Wheat
5
Sugar cane
6
Sunflowers
7
Ground nuts
8
Fodder crops (e.g. Lucerne)
9
Tea, including rooibos
10
Cotton
11
Potatoes
12
Amadumbe and sweet potatoes
13
Onions
14
Tomatoes
15
Green Beans
16
Dried Bean
17
Pumpkin, marrow and gem squash
18
Cabbage
19
Spinach
20
Carrots
21
Beetroot
22
Herbs
23
Flowers
24
Trees (for timber)
25
Oranges
26
Mangoes
27
Bananas
28
Peaches
29
Pawpaws
30
Guavas
31
Grapes
32
Apples
33
Litchis
34
Other
QUANSLD
0
0
MEASURE
0
0
MNYRECV
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
PRDTYPE
0
0
1
Maize
2
Sorghum
3
Barley
4
Wheat
5
Sugar cane
6
Sunflowers
7
Ground nuts
8
Fodder crops (e.g. Lucerne)
9
Tea, including rooibos
10
Cotton
11
Potatoes
12
Amadumbe and sweet potatoes
13
Onions
14
Tomatoes
15
Green Beans
16
Dried Bean
17
Pumpkin, marrow and gem squash
18
Cabbage
19
Spinach
20
Carrots
21
Beetroot
22
Herbs
23
Flowers
24
Trees (for timber)
25
Oranges
26
Mangoes
27
Bananas
28
Peaches
29
Pawpaws
30
Guavas
31
Grapes
32
Apples
33
Litchis
34
Other
QUANGROW
0
0
MEASURE
0
0
QUANKG
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
GROWPR
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
OTHPDUCE
0
0
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
TOTWAGES
0
0
TOTFOOD
0
0
RECVHLP
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
AMTPAID
0
0
EMPLTYPE
0
0
1
Unpaid family members
2
Workers
3
Workers who do not receive cash payment
4
Paid workers: in regular employment
5
Paid workers: casual or seasonal
UQNR
0
0
IMPLTYPE
0
0
1
Tractor
2
Trailer
3
Bakkie/lorry/truck
4
Animal- drawn cart, e.g. wagon, donkey-cart
5
Hand- drawn carts/ wagons or wheelbarrows
6
Plough/ harrow/ mower
7
Milking machines
8
Harvesters
9
Pumps and irrigation equipment
10
Hand- held implements and farm tools
11
Other implements and/ or equipment
IMPLOTH
0
0
OBHIMPL
0
0
1
Borrowed
2
Hired
3
Owned
YRBOUGHT
0
0
CSTIMPL
0
0
CSTRENT
0
0
IMPL21
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
CSTTYPE
0
0
1
Rent for farm land
2
Payment to gain access to land (including taxes)
3
Interest on loans, tribal levies for ploughing, e.t.c
4
Petrol, diesel and oil for bakkies
5
Maintenance and repair to bakkies
6
Energy for farm use
7
Repairs and maintenance of farm structures
8
Improving the land through bush clearing
9
Milling, gristing or other ways of crop processing
10
Transportation costs
11
Any other services or running costs
AMTCST
0
0
OTHCST
0
0
ITEM25
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
HHWGT
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
EXPDRECS
0
0
1
Yes
2
No
KEEPRECS
0
0
1
The respondent him/ herself
2
Another family member
3
An employee
4
Other
OTHRECS
0
0
BLDCST
0
0
UQNR
0
0
LSCODE
0
0
0
Other
1
Milk cows
2
Other cattle
3
Sheep and lambs
4
Goats and kids
5
Pigs
6
Horses/donkeys/ mules
7
Turkeys/Ducks/ Geese
8
Rabbits
9
Guinea fowl
NRLS
0
0
VETCST
0
0
MEDCST
0
0
FEEDCST
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
LSCODE
0
0
0
Other
1
Milk cows
2
Other cattle
3
Sheep and lambs
4
Goats and kids
5
Pigs
6
Horses/donkeys/ mules
7
Turkeys/Ducks/ Geese
8
Rabbits
9
Guinea fowl
QUAN8
0
0
MNY8
0
0
SLAUGHTE
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
UQNR
0
0
APCODE
0
0
1
Animal hides
2
Wool
3
Silk
4
Other
QUANSLD
0
0
MNYRECV
0
0
PROVCODE
0
0
2
Eastern Cape
4
Free State
5
KwaZulu-Natal
6
North West
8
Mpumalanga
9
Northern Province
HHWGT
0
0
OTHANIMP
0
0
1
Yes
2
No