ddi-afr-afr18-2005-2006-v1.1 DataFirst 2020-07-23 NADA Version 3 Afrobarometer Survey 2005-2006 Merged 18 Country AB18 2005-2006 afr-afr18-2005-2006-v1 Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Michigan State University (MSU) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) NADA African Development Bank Michigan State University US National Science Foundation The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation DataFirst Helpdesk Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer Project. Afrobarometer 3 Merged 18 Country Survey 2005-2006 [dataset]. Version 1. International: Afrobarometer [producer], 2008. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/q2cx-1p62 v1: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countires and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. The 18 African countries covered in Round 3 (2005-2006) are: Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe Round 4 (2008) surveyed citizens in 20 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 5 (2011-2013), 36 countries in Round 6 (2014-2015) and 34 countries in Round 7 (2016-2018). Africa The survey has national coverage in the following 18 African countrires: Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district Households and individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? Afrobarometer Project Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalised settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design: Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages: Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewers alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found in Section 5 of the Afrobarometer Round 5 Survey Manual Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire for Round 3 addressed country-specific issues, but many of the same questions were asked across surveys. The survey instruments were not standardized across all countries and the following features should be noted: • In the seven countries that originally formed the Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - a standardized questionnaire was used, so question wording and response categories are the generally the same for all of these countries. The questionnaires in Mali and Tanzania were also essentially identical (in the original English version). Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria each had distinct questionnaires. • This merged dataset combines, into a single variable, responses from across these different countries where either identical or very similar questions were used, or where conceptually equivalent questions can be found in at least nine of the different countries. For each variable, the exact question text from each of the countries or groups of countries ("SAB" refers to the Southern Africa Barometer countries) is listed. • Response options also varied on some questions, and where applicable, these differences are also noted. Interviews are conducted in the following languages: Benin: French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh Botswana: English, Setswana Cape Verde: Creole, Portuguese Ghana: English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani Kenya: English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana Lesotho: English, Sesotho Madagascar: Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra Malawi: English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka Mali: Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl Mozambique: Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe Namibia: English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo Nigeria: English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw Senegal: French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu Tanzania: Kiswahili Uganda: English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara Zambia: English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi Zimbabwe: English, Chishona, Sindebele Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis. Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. DataFirst Afrobarometer Project. Afrobarometer 3 Merged 18 Country Survey 2005-2006 [dataset]. Version 1. International: Afrobarometer [producer], 2008. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/q2cx-1p62 Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. R3 18-country merge_release_23jun08_final Afrobarometer 2005-2006 Merged Round 3 Data 0 302 Country Country Country Country Country 1 Benin 2 Botswana 3 Cape Verde 4 Ghana 5 Kenya 6 Lesotho 7 Madagascar 8 Malawi 9 Mali 10 Mozambique 11 Namibia 12 Nigeria 13 Senegal 14 South Africa 15 Tanzania 16 Uganda 17 Zambia 18 Zimbabwe Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? -1 Missing 1 Yes 2 No Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 1 Urban 2 Rural Province or region Province or region Province or region Province or region Province or region 100 Eastern Cape 101 Free State 102 Gauteng 103 KwaZulu Natal 104 Limpopo 105 Mpumalanga 106 North West 107 Northern Cape 108 Western Cape 120 Alibori 121 Atacora 122 Atlnatique 123 Borgou 124 Collines 125 Couffo 126 Donga 127 Littoral 128 Mono 129 Oueme 130 Plateau 131 Zou 140 Central 141 Chobe 142 Francis Town 143 Gaborone 144 Ghanzi 145 Jwaneng 146 Kgalagadi 147 Kgatleng 148 Kweneng 149 Lobatse 150 North east 151 Ngamiland 153 Selibe Phikwe 154 South East 155 Southern 160 Santo Antão 161 São Vicente 162 Santiago-Interior 163 Santiago-Praia 164 Fogo 180 Western 181 Central 182 Greater Accra 183 Volta 184 Eastern 185 Ashanti 186 Brong Ahafo 187 Northern 188 Upper East 189 Upper West 200 Nairobi 201 Central 202 Eastern 203 Rift Valley 204 Nyanza 205 Western 206 North Eastern 207 Coast 220 Maseru 221 Mafeteng 222 Mohale'Hoek 223 Quthing 224 Qacha's Nek 225 Mokhotlong 226 Butha Buthe 227 Leribe 228 Berea 229 Thaba-Tseka 240 antananarivo 241 fianarantsoa 242 toamasina 243 mahajanga 244 toliary 245 antsiranana 260 South 261 Central 262 North 280 Bamako 281 Kayes 282 Koulikoro 283 Sikasso 284 Ségou 285 Mopti 286 Tombouctou 287 Gao 288 Kidal 300 Maputo province 301 Maputo City 302 Gaza 303 Inhambane 304 Sofala 305 Tete 306 Manica 307 Zambezia 308 Nampula 309 Niassa 310 Cabo Delgado 320 Caprivi 321 Erongo 322 Hardap 323 Karas 324 kavango 325 Khomas 326 kunene 327 Ohangwena 328 Omaheke 329 Omusati 330 Oshana 331 Oshikoto 332 Otjozundjupa 340 Lagos 341 Ogun 342 Oyo 343 Osun 344 Ondo 345 Ekiti 346 Enugu 347 Anambra 348 Imo 349 Abia 350 Akwa-Ibom 351 Bayelsa 352 Cross-River 353 Delta 354 Edo 355 Rivers 356 Kano 357 Sokoto 358 Kaduna 359 Katsina 360 dakar 361 diourbel 362 fatick 363 kaolack 364 kolda 365 louga 366 matam 367 SAINT LOUIS 368 tambacounda 369 thies 370 ziguinchor 380 Dodoma 381 Arusha 382 Kilimanjaro 383 Tanga 384 Morogoro 385 Pwani 386 Dar es Salaam 387 Lindi 388 Mtwara 389 Ruvuma 390 Iringa 391 Mbeya 392 Singida 393 Tabora 394 Rukwa 395 Kigoma 396 Shinyanga 397 Kagera 398 Mwanza 399 Mara 400 Central 401 East 402 North 404 West 420 Lusaka 421 Central 422 Copper Belt 423 Eastern 424 Luapula 425 Northern 426 North Western 427 Southern 428 Western 440 Harare 441 Bulawayo 442 Midlands 443 Masvingo 444 Mashonaland East 445 Mashonaland West 446 Mashonaland Central 447 Matebeleland South 448 Matebeland North 449 Manicaland 540 Manyara 541 North Unguja 542 South Unguja 543 Urban West 544 North Pemba 545 South Pemba 550 Zamfara 551 Bauchi 552 Borno 553 Adamawa 554 Taraba 555 Plateau 556 Benue 557 Kogi 558 Kwara 559 Niger 560 fct District District District District District Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 -1 missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other 997 Not Applicable Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender First interview 1 Male 2 Female This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender 1 Male 2 Female Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls -1 Missing 1 1 2 2 Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age -1 Missing 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q2. Head of household Q2. Head of household Q2. Head of household Q2. Head of household Q2. Head of household -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q3. Language of respondent Q3. Language of respondent Q3. Language of respondent Q3. Language of respondent Q3. Language of respondent -1 Missing 1 English 2 French 3 Portuguese 4 Kiswahili 100 Afrikaans 101 Ndebele 102 Xhosa 103 Pedi/Spedi/ North Sotho 104 Sesotho/Sotho/ South Sotho 105 Setswana/ Tswana 106 Shangaan 107 Swazi 108 Venda 109 Zulu 120 Fon 121 Adja 122 Bariba 123 Dendi 124 Yoruba 125 Ditamari 126 Peulh 127 Yom 128 Haoussa 129 Ide 130 Lamba 140 Setswana 141 Sesarwa 142 Sekgaladi 143 Sesobea 144 Sekalanga 145 Seherero 146 Sembukushu 147 Sebirwa 148 Sengologa 149 Seyei 165 Creole 180 akan 181 ewe 182 GA/DANGBE 183 Other Northern Languages 184 dagbani 185 dagaare 200 Kikuyu 201 Luo 202 Luhya 203 Kamba 204 Meru/Embu 205 Kisii 206 Kalenjin 207 Masai/Samburu 208 Mijikenda 209 Taita 210 Somali 211 Pokot 212 Turkana 213 Digo 214 Giriama 215 Duruma 216 Chonyi 217 Gunya 218 Arabic 219 Maragoli 220 Sesotho 221 Sephuti 240 malgache officielle 241 langue régionale 242 chinois 243 comorien 244 pakistanais 260 Tumbuka 261 Nkhonde 262 Lambya 263 Chewa 264 Yao 265 Ngoni 266 Lomwe 267 Manga'nja 268 Sena 269 Sukwa 270 Senga 271 Tonga 280 Bambara 281 Peugl/Fulfulde 282 Senufo 283 Mianka 284 Mossi 285 Sonink 286 Malink 287 Khasonk 288 Dogon 289 Bobo 290 Bozo 291 Arabe 292 Maure 293 Kakolo 294 Samoko 295 Sonrha 296 Bella 297 Tamasheq 298 Dafing 300 Makua 301 Sena 302 Ndau 303 Nyanja 304 Changana 305 Chope 306 Bitonga 307 Makonde 308 Chuabo 309 Ajua 310 Quimuane 311 Muaui 312 Nhungue 320 Nama/Damara 321 Afrikaans 322 Rukwangali 323 Silozi 324 Masubia 325 German 326 Oshiwambo 327 Okjiherero 328 Setswana 329 Angolan:Portuguese 330 Angolan:Rumbundu 331 Other Kavango:Thimbukushu 332 Other Kavango:Rugririku 338 Ndebele 340 Hausa 341 Igbo 342 Yoruba 343 Pidgin English 344 Efik 345 Ebira 346 Fulani 347 Isoko 348 Ibibio 349 Kanuri 350 Tiv 351 Nupe 352 Ijaw 353 Edo 354 Igala 355 Urhobo 356 Idoma 357 Bassa 358 Ikwere 359 Ukwani 360 Wolof 361 Pular 362 Serer 363 Mandinka 364 Sonike 365 Diola 366 Manjack 367 Bambara 368 Bainouk 369 Bassari 380 Kinyakyusa 381 Kichaga 382 Kihaya 383 Kingoni 384 Kikwere 385 Kipare 386 Kihehe 387 Kimakonde 388 Kinyamwezi 389 Kisukuma 390 Kimasai 391 Kimeru 392 Kikurya 393 Kigogo 394 Kiluguru 395 Kifipa 396 Kimanyema 397 Kinyiramba 398 Kinyaturu 405 Akaramojonj 406 Akur 407 Ateso 408 Japadhola 409 Jonam 410 Kakwa 411 Kumam 412 Kuksabin 413 Luo 414 Lugbara 415 Lugwere 416 Madi 417 Luganda 418 Lugishu/Lumasaba 419 Lusoga 420 Bemba 421 Nyanja 422 Tonga 423 Lozi 424 Chewa 425 Nsenga 426 Tumbuka 427 Kaonde 428 Luvale 429 Namwanga 431 Bisa 432 lla 433 Nkaya 434 Mambwe 435 Lunda 436 Lenje 437 Lamba 438 Mbunda 439 Ngoni 440 Ndebele 441 Shona 442 Venda 443 Kalanga 444 Tonga 500 Lunyoli 501 Rufumbira 502 Ruhororo 503 Rukiga 504 Rukonzo 505 Runyarwanda 506 Runyoro 507 Rutagwenda 508 Rutooro 509 Rwamba 510 Runyankole 511 Samia 550 Anang 551 Ron 552 Geomai 553 Kadara 554 Pyam 555 Bahumono 556 Boki 557 Yakurr 558 Esan 559 Bijim 560 Ekpeye 561 Jaba 562 Birom 563 Igede 564 Pyem 565 Taroh 566 Korro 567 Ogoni 568 Mbembe 569 Sayawa 580 Itsekiri 803 Tanchoni 804 Bukusu 805 Nyore 806 Marama 807 Sabaot 808 Wanga 809 Kabarasi 810 Nyala 811 Vatsotso 812 Keiyo 813 Kipsigis 814 Tugen 815 Boran 816 Ethopian/Kenyan 817 Indian 818 Burji 819 Kuria 820 Gare 860 Soli 861 Senga 862 Chokwe 863 Luchazi 864 Kwamashi 865 Tokaleya 866 Lala 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q4a. Country's present economic condition Q4a. Country's present economic condition Q4a. Country's present economic condition Q4a. Country's present economic condition Q4a. Country's present economic condition -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q5. Your living conditions vs. others Q5. Your living conditions vs. others Q5. Your living conditions vs. others Q5. Your living conditions vs. others Q5. Your living conditions vs. others -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q6a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q6b. Your living conditions 12 months ago -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q8a. How often gone without food Q8a. How often gone without food Q8a. How often gone without food Q8a. How often gone without food Q8a. How often gone without food -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q8b. How often gone without water Q8b. How often gone without water Q8b. How often gone without water Q8b. How often gone without water Q8b. How often gone without water -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q8c. How often gone without medical care Q8c. How often gone without medical care Q8c. How often gone without medical care Q8c. How often gone without medical care Q8c. How often gone without medical care -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q8e. How often gone without cash income Q8e. How often gone without cash income Q8e. How often gone without cash income Q8e. How often gone without cash income Q8e. How often gone without cash income -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q8f. How often gone without school expenses Q8f. How often gone without school expenses Q8f. How often gone without school expenses Q8f. How often gone without school expenses Q8f. How often gone without school expenses -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 7 No children 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q9a. How often feared crime in home Q9a. How often feared crime in home Q9a. How often feared crime in home Q9a. How often feared crime in home Q9a. How often feared crime in home -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q9b. How often something stolen from house Q9b. How often something stolen from house Q9b. How often something stolen from house Q9b. How often something stolen from house Q9b. How often something stolen from house -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q9c. How often physically attacked Q9c. How often physically attacked Q9c. How often physically attacked Q9c. How often physically attacked Q9c. How often physically attacked -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q10. Free schooling vs. user fees Q10. Free schooling vs. user fees Q10. Free schooling vs. user fees Q10. Free schooling vs. user fees Q10. Free schooling vs. user fees -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q11. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q12. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q13. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q14a. Present vs. past: availability of goods -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q14b. Present vs. past: job opportunities -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q14c. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q15a. Radio news Q15a. Radio news Q15a. Radio news Q15a. Radio news Q15a. Radio news -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q15b. Television news Q15b. Television news Q15b. Television news Q15b. Television news Q15b. Television news -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q15c. Newspapaer news Q15c. Newspapaer news Q15c. Newspapaer news Q15c. Newspapaer news Q15c. Newspapaer news -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q16. Interest in public affairs Q16. Interest in public affairs Q16. Interest in public affairs Q16. Interest in public affairs Q16. Interest in public affairs -1 Missing Not at all interested 1 Not very interested 2 Somewhat interested 3 Very interested 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q17. Discuss politics Q17. Discuss politics Q17. Discuss politics Q17. Discuss politics Q17. Discuss politics -1 Missing Never 1 Occasionally 2 Frequently 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q18a. Politics and government too complicated Q18a. Politics and government too complicated Q18a. Politics and government too complicated Q18a. Politics and government too complicated Q18a. Politics and government too complicated -1 Missing 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q18b. Others don't listen to you Q18b. Others don't listen to you Q18b. Others don't listen to you Q18b. Others don't listen to you Q18b. Others don't listen to you -1 Missing 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q19. People responsible for well-being vs. government -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q20. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q21. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q22. All vote vs. only educated vote Q22. All vote vs. only educated vote Q22. All vote vs. only educated vote Q22. All vote vs. only educated vote Q22. All vote vs. only educated vote -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional laws Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional laws Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional laws Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional laws Q23. Women have equal rights vs subject to traditional laws -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders Q24. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q25. Government bans organizations vs. join any -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Q26. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds Q27. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q28a. Member of religious group Q28a. Member of religious group Q28a. Member of religious group Q28a. Member of religious group Q28a. Member of religious group -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q28b. Member of trade union or farmers association -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q28c. Member of professional or business association Q28c. Member of professional or business association Q28c. Member of professional or business association Q28c. Member of professional or business association Q28c. Member of professional or business association -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q28d. Member of community development association Q28d. Member of community development association Q28d. Member of community development association Q28d. Member of community development association Q28d. Member of community development association -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q29. Registered to vote Q29. Registered to vote Q29. Registered to vote Q29. Registered to vote Q29. Registered to vote -1 Missing 1 You were registered to vote 2 You did not want to register 3 You could not find a place to register 4 You were prevented from registering 5 You were too young to register 6 Did not register for some other reason 9 Don't know/Can't remember 998 Refused Q30 Voted last election Q30 Voted last election Q30 Voted last election Q30 Voted last election Q30 Voted last election -1 Missing 1 You voted in the elections 2 You decided not to vote 3 You could not find the polling station 4 You were prevented from voting 5 You did not have time to vote 6 Did not vote for some other reason 7 You were not registered 9 Don't know/Can't remember 998 Refused Q31a. Attend a community meeting Q31a. Attend a community meeting Q31a. Attend a community meeting Q31a. Attend a community meeting Q31a. Attend a community meeting -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q31b. Join others to raise an issue Q31b. Join others to raise an issue Q31b. Join others to raise an issue Q31b. Join others to raise an issue Q31b. Join others to raise an issue -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q31c. Attend a demonstration or protest march -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32a. Contact local government councillor Q32a. Contact local government councillor Q32a. Contact local government councillor Q32a. Contact local government councillor Q32a. Contact local government councillor -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32b. Contact MP Q32b. Contact MP Q32b. Contact MP Q32b. Contact MP Q32b. Contact MP -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32c. Contact official of a government ministry Q32c. Contact official of a government ministry Q32c. Contact official of a government ministry Q32c. Contact official of a government ministry Q32c. Contact official of a government ministry -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32d. Contact political party official Q32d. Contact political party official Q32d. Contact political party official Q32d. Contact political party official Q32d. Contact political party official -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32e. Contact religious leader Q32e. Contact religious leader Q32e. Contact religious leader Q32e. Contact religious leader Q32e. Contact religious leader -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32f. Contact traditional ruler Q32f. Contact traditional ruler Q32f. Contact traditional ruler Q32f. Contact traditional ruler Q32f. Contact traditional ruler -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q32g. Contact some other influential person Q32g. Contact some other influential person Q32g. Contact some other influential person Q32g. Contact some other influential person Q32g. Contact some other influential person -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q33. Why contact Q33. Why contact Q33. Why contact Q33. Why contact Q33. Why contact -1 Missing data 1 Tell about personal problems 2 Tell about community or public problem 3 Give your view on political issue 4 Something else 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q34. Understand democracy Q34. Understand democracy Q34. Understand democracy Q34. Understand democracy Q34. Understand democracy -1 Missing data 1 Understood "democracy" in national language 2 Required local language translation 3 Did not understand either Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim response Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim response Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim response Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim response Q35a. Meaning of democracy -- 1st verbatim response Q35pt1. First meaning of democracy Q35pt1. First meaning of democracy Q35pt1. First meaning of democracy Q35pt1. First meaning of democracy Q35pt1. First meaning of democracy -1 Missing data Nothing/ democracy has no meaning 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 2 Government by, for, of the people 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 5 Social/ economic development 6 Equality/ justice 7 Majority rule 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 9 National independence/ self-determination 10 Mutual respect 11 Working together 12 Other positive meanings 14 Conflict/ confusion 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 16 Social/ economic hardship 17 Other negative meanings 19 Civilian politics/ government 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim response Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim response Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim response Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim response Q35b. Meaning of democracy -- 2nd verbatim response Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracy Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracy Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracy Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracy Q35pt2. Second meaning of democracy -1 Missing data 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 2 Government by, for, of the people 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 5 Social/ economic development 6 Equality/ justice 7 Majority rule 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 9 National independence/ self-determination 10 Mutual respect 11 Working together 12 Other positive meanings 14 Conflict/ confusion 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 16 Social/ economic hardship 17 Other negative meanings 19 Civilian politics/ government 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 996 No further answer Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim response Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim response Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim response Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim response Q35c. Meaning of democracy -- 3rd verbatim response Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracy Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracy Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracy Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracy Q35pt3. Third meaning of democracy -1 Missing data 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 2 Government by, for, of the people 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 5 Social/ economic development 6 Equality/ justice 7 Majority rule 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 9 National independence/ self-determination 10 Mutual respect 11 Working together 12 Other positive meanings 14 Conflict/ confusion 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 16 Social/ economic hardship 17 Other negative meanings 19 Civilian politics/ government 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 996 No further answer Q36a. Reject one-party rule Q36a. Reject one-party rule Q36a. Reject one-party rule Q36a. Reject one-party rule Q36a. Reject one-party rule -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q36b. Reject military rule Q36b. Reject military rule Q36b. Reject military rule Q36b. Reject military rule Q36b. Reject military rule -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q36c. Reject one-man rule Q36c. Reject one-man rule Q36c. Reject one-man rule Q36c. Reject one-man rule Q36c. Reject one-man rule -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q37. Support for democracy Q37. Support for democracy Q37. Support for democracy Q37. Support for democracy Q37. Support for democracy -1 Missing 1 STATEMENT C: Doesn't matter. 2 STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 3 STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable. 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q38. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q39. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q40. Parliament makes laws vs. president does -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q41. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q42. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Q43a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Q43a2. Identify MP (code) Q43a2. Identify MP (code) Q43a2. Identify MP (code) Q43a2. Identify MP (code) Q43a2. Identify MP (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct name 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim) Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim) Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim) Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim) Q43b1. Identify Local Govt. Councilor (verbatim) Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code) Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code) Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code) Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code) Q43b2. Identify local government councilor (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct name 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q43c1. Identify Deputy President (verbatim) Q43c1. Identify Deputy President (verbatim) Q43c1. Identify Deputy President (verbatim) Q43c1. Identify Deputy President (verbatim) Q43c1. Identify Deputy President (verbatim) Q43c2. Identify deputy president (code) Q43c2. Identify deputy president (code) Q43c2. Identify deputy president (code) Q43c2. Identify deputy president (code) Q43c2. Identify deputy president (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct name 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim) Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim) Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim) Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim) Q44a1. Know: Political party w/most seats (verbatim) Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code) Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code) Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code) Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code) Q44a2. Know: Political party w/most seats (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct answer 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Q44b1. Know: Presidential term limits (verbatim) Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code) Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code) Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code) Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code) Q44b2. Know: Presidential term limits (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct answer 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Q44c1. Know: Determine constitutionality (verbatim) Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code) Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code) Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code) Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code) Q44c2. Know: Determine constitutionality (code) -1 Missing data 1 Know but can't remember 2 Incorrect guess 3 Correct answer 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q45. Elections free and fair Q45. Elections free and fair Q45. Elections free and fair Q45. Elections free and fair Q45. Elections free and fair -1 Missing data 1 Completely free and fair 2 Free and fair, but with minor problems 3 Free and fair, with major problems 4 Not free and fair 8 Do not understand questions 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q46. Extent of democracy Q46. Extent of democracy Q46. Extent of democracy Q46. Extent of democracy Q46. Extent of democracy -1 Missing 1 Not a democracy 2 A democracy, with major problems 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 4 A full democracy 8 Do not understand question/democracy 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q47. Satisfaction with democracy Q47. Satisfaction with democracy Q47. Satisfaction with democracy Q47. Satisfaction with democracy Q47. Satisfaction with democracy -1 Missing My country is not a democracy 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q48. Future of democracy Q48. Future of democracy Q48. Future of democracy Q48. Future of democracy Q48. Future of democracy -1 Missing Country is not a democracy 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems Q50. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q51. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopes Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopes Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopes Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopes Q52a. Constitution expresses values and hopes -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q52b. Courts make binding decisions Q52b. Courts make binding decisions Q52b. Courts make binding decisions Q52b. Courts make binding decisions Q52b. Courts make binding decisions -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q52c. People must obey the law Q52c. People must obey the law Q52c. People must obey the law Q52c. People must obey the law Q52c. People must obey the law -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q52d. People must pay taxes Q52d. People must pay taxes Q52d. People must pay taxes Q52d. People must pay taxes Q52d. People must pay taxes -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q53a. Careful about what you say Q53a. Careful about what you say Q53a. Careful about what you say Q53a. Careful about what you say Q53a. Careful about what you say -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q53b. Party competition leads to conflict Q53b. Party competition leads to conflict Q53b. Party competition leads to conflict Q53b. Party competition leads to conflict Q53b. Party competition leads to conflict -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q53c. President ignores the Constitution Q53c. President ignores the Constitution Q53c. President ignores the Constitution Q53c. President ignores the Constitution Q53c. President ignores the Constitution -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q53d. People are treated unequally Q53d. People are treated unequally Q53d. People are treated unequally Q53d. People are treated unequally Q53d. People are treated unequally -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q54a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q54b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest Q54c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q54d. Present vs. past: voting freedom -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q54e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q54f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q54g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q55a. Trust the President Q55a. Trust the President Q55a. Trust the President Q55a. Trust the President Q55a. Trust the President -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q55b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q55b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q55b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q55b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55c. Trust the Electoral Commission Q55c. Trust the Electoral Commission Q55c. Trust the Electoral Commission Q55c. Trust the Electoral Commission Q55c. Trust the Electoral Commission -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55d. Trust your local council Q55d. Trust your local council Q55d. Trust your local council Q55d. Trust your local council Q55d. Trust your local council -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55e. Trust the ruling party Q55e. Trust the ruling party Q55e. Trust the ruling party Q55e. Trust the ruling party Q55e. Trust the ruling party -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55f. Trust opposition political parties Q55f. Trust opposition political parties Q55f. Trust opposition political parties Q55f. Trust opposition political parties Q55f. Trust opposition political parties -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55g. Trust the military Q55g. Trust the military Q55g. Trust the military Q55g. Trust the military Q55g. Trust the military -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55h. Trust the police Q55h. Trust the police Q55h. Trust the police Q55h. Trust the police Q55h. Trust the police -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55i. Trust courts of law Q55i. Trust courts of law Q55i. Trust courts of law Q55i. Trust courts of law Q55i. Trust courts of law -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55j, Trust government broadcasting service Q55j, Trust government broadcasting service Q55j, Trust government broadcasting service Q55j, Trust government broadcasting service Q55j, Trust government broadcasting service -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting services Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting services Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting services Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting services Q55k. Trust independent broadcasting services -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q55l. Trust government newspapers Q55l. Trust government newspapers Q55l. Trust government newspapers Q55l. Trust government newspapers Q55l. Trust government newspapers -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 997 Not asked 998 Refused Q55m. Trust independent newspapers Q55m. Trust independent newspapers Q55m. Trust independent newspapers Q55m. Trust independent newspapers Q55m. Trust independent newspapers -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q56a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q56a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q56a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q56a. Corruption: office of the Presidency -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q56b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q56b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q56b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q56b. Corruption: Members of Parliament -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56c. Corruption: local government councilors Q56c. Corruption: local government councilors Q56c. Corruption: local government councilors Q56c. Corruption: local government councilors Q56c. Corruption: local government councilors -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56d. Corruption: national government officials Q56d. Corruption: national government officials Q56d. Corruption: national government officials Q56d. Corruption: national government officials Q56d. Corruption: national government officials -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56e. Corruption: local government officials Q56e. Corruption: local government officials Q56e. Corruption: local government officials Q56e. Corruption: local government officials Q56e. Corruption: local government officials -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56f. Corruption: police Q56f. Corruption: police Q56f. Corruption: police Q56f. Corruption: police Q56f. Corruption: police -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56g. Corruption: tax officials Q56g. Corruption: tax officials Q56g. Corruption: tax officials Q56g. Corruption: tax officials Q56g. Corruption: tax officials -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q56h. Corruption: judges and magistrates -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56i. Corruption: health workers Q56i. Corruption: health workers Q56i. Corruption: health workers Q56i. Corruption: health workers Q56i. Corruption: health workers -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q56j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q57a. Pay bribe for: document or permit -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q57b. Pay bribe for: school placement -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q57c. Pay bribe for: household service Q57c. Pay bribe for: household service Q57c. Pay bribe for: household service Q57c. Pay bribe for: household service Q57c. Pay bribe for: household service -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention Q57d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q57e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q57f. Election incentives offered Q57f. Election incentives offered Q57f. Election incentives offered Q57f. Election incentives offered Q57f. Election incentives offered -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 7 No experience with this in past year 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relative Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relative Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relative Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relative Q58a. Right or wrong: job for relative -1 Missing data 1 Not wrong at all 2 Wrong but understandable 3 Wrong and punishable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for service Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for service Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for service Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for service Q58b. Right or wrong: favor for service -1 Missing data 1 Not wrong at all 2 Wrong but understandable 3 Wrong and punishable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supporters Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supporters Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supporters Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supporters Q58c. Right or wrong: development for supporters -1 Missing data 1 Not wrong at all 2 Wrong but understandable 3 Wrong and punishable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas Q59. Elected leaders listen vs. follow own ideas -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q60. Time MP should spend Q60. Time MP should spend Q60. Time MP should spend Q60. Time MP should spend Q60. Time MP should spend -1 Missing data Never/ Not necessary 1 At least once a year 2 At least once a month 3 At least weekly 4 All of the time 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q61. Time MP does spend Q61. Time MP does spend Q61. Time MP does spend Q61. Time MP does spend Q61. Time MP does spend -1 Missing data Never 1 At least once a year 2 At least once a month 3 At least weekly 4 Here almost all of the time 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q62a. MPs listen Q62a. MPs listen Q62a. MPs listen Q62a. MPs listen Q62a. MPs listen -1 Missing Never 1 Only sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q62b. Local government councilors listen Q62b. Local government councilors listen Q62b. Local government councilors listen Q62b. Local government councilors listen Q62b. Local government councilors listen -1 Missing Never 1 Only sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Management of economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/ destitution 5 Rates and taxes 6 Loans/ credit 7 Farming/ agriculture 8 Food shortage/ famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure/ roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 aids 22 Sickness/ disease 23 Crime and security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 29 Democracy/ political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 340 Increase of fuel price 995 Other 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response -1 Missing data 1 Management of economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/ destitution 5 Rates and taxes 6 Loans/ credit 7 Farming/ agriculture 8 Food shortage/ famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure/ roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 aids 22 Sickness/ disease 23 Crime and security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 29 Democracy/ political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 340 Increase of fuel price 995 Other 996 No further response Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response -1 Missing data 1 Management of economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/ destitution 5 Rates and taxes 6 Loans/ credit 7 Farming/ agriculture 8 Food shortage/ famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure/ roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 aids 22 Sickness/ disease 23 Crime and security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 29 Democracy/ political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 340 Increase of fuel price 995 Other 996 No further response Q64. Government solve MIP Q64. Government solve MIP Q64. Government solve MIP Q64. Government solve MIP Q64. Government solve MIP -1 Missing data Not at all likely 1 Not very likely 2 Likely 3 Very likely 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q65a. Handling managing the economy Q65a. Handling managing the economy Q65a. Handling managing the economy Q65a. Handling managing the economy Q65a. Handling managing the economy -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65b. Handling creating jobs Q65b. Handling creating jobs Q65b. Handling creating jobs Q65b. Handling creating jobs Q65b. Handling creating jobs -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65c. Handling keeping prices stable Q65c. Handling keeping prices stable Q65c. Handling keeping prices stable Q65c. Handling keeping prices stable Q65c. Handling keeping prices stable -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65d. Handling narrowing income gaps Q65d. Handling narrowing income gaps Q65d. Handling narrowing income gaps Q65d. Handling narrowing income gaps Q65d. Handling narrowing income gaps -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65e. Handling reducing crime Q65e. Handling reducing crime Q65e. Handling reducing crime Q65e. Handling reducing crime Q65e. Handling reducing crime -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65f. Handling improving basic health services Q65f. Handling improving basic health services Q65f. Handling improving basic health services Q65f. Handling improving basic health services Q65f. Handling improving basic health services -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65g. Handling addressing educational needs Q65g. Handling addressing educational needs Q65g. Handling addressing educational needs Q65g. Handling addressing educational needs Q65g. Handling addressing educational needs -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65h. Handling delivering household water Q65h. Handling delivering household water Q65h. Handling delivering household water Q65h. Handling delivering household water Q65h. Handling delivering household water -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eat Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eat Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eat Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eat Q65i. Handling ensuring enough to eat -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65j. Handling fighting corruption Q65j. Handling fighting corruption Q65j. Handling fighting corruption Q65j. Handling fighting corruption Q65j. Handling fighting corruption -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q65k. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS Q65k. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS Q65k. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS Q65k. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS Q65k. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q66. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads Q67a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean Q67b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes Q67c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisions Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisions Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisions Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisions Q67d. Local govt. handling spending decisions -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q68a. Performance: President Q68a. Performance: President Q68a. Performance: President Q68a. Performance: President Q68a. Performance: President -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q68b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. Q68b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. Q68b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. Q68b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. Q68b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q68c. Performance: local government councilor Q68c. Performance: local government councilor Q68c. Performance: local government councilor Q68c. Performance: local government councilor Q68c. Performance: local government councilor -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 998 Refused Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary education Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary education Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary education Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary education Q69a. Policy Knowledge: free primary education -1 Missing data 1 Incorrect answer 2 Correct answer 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health care Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health care Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health care Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health care Q69b. Policy Knowledge: free health care -1 Missing data 1 Incorrect answer 2 Correct answer 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime Q70a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime Q70b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax Q70c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax Q70d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q71a. Difficulty to obtain identity document -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household services Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household services Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household services Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household services Q71b. Difficulty to obtain household services -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q71c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q71d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment Q71e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q72a. Why not try to get: identity document Q72a. Why not try to get: identity document Q72a. Why not try to get: identity document Q72a. Why not try to get: identity document Q72a. Why not try to get: identity document -1 Missing data 1 Don't need/use it 2 Don't know how 3 Govt. does not provide 4 No personal connections 5 Other 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q72b. Why not try to get: household services Q72b. Why not try to get: household services Q72b. Why not try to get: household services Q72b. Why not try to get: household services Q72b. Why not try to get: household services -1 Missing data 1 Don't need/use it 2 Don't know how 3 Govt. does not provide 4 No personal connections 5 Other 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q72c. Why not try to get: help from police Q72c. Why not try to get: help from police Q72c. Why not try to get: help from police Q72c. Why not try to get: help from police Q72c. Why not try to get: help from police -1 Missing data 1 Don't need/use it 2 Don't know how 3 Govt. does not provide 4 No personal connections 5 Other 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensive Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensive Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensive Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensive Q73a. Problems with schools: too expensive -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies Q73b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teaching Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teaching Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teaching Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teaching Q73c. Problems with schools: poor teaching -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachers Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachers Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachers Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachers Q73d. Problems with schools: absent teachers -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms Q73e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilities Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilities Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilities Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilities Q73f. Problems with schools: poor facilities -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal payments Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal payments Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal payments Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal payments Q73g. Problems with schools: illegal payments -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive Q74a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies Q74b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect Q74c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors Q74d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time Q74e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities Q74f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments Q74g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments -1 Missing data Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 No experience 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q75a. What do: waiting for permit Q75a. What do: waiting for permit Q75a. What do: waiting for permit Q75a. What do: waiting for permit Q75a. What do: waiting for permit -1 Missing data 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 3 Use connections with influential 4 Offer tip or bribe 5 Join in public protest 6 Other 7 Nothing can be done 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q75b. What do: name missing Q75b. What do: name missing Q75b. What do: name missing Q75b. What do: name missing Q75b. What do: name missing -1 Missing data 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 3 Use connections with influential 4 Offer tip or bribe 5 Join in public protest 6 Other 7 Nothing can be done 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q75c. What do: suspect school official Q75c. What do: suspect school official Q75c. What do: suspect school official Q75c. What do: suspect school official Q75c. What do: suspect school official -1 Missing data 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 3 Use connections with influential 4 Offer tip or bribe 5 Join in public protest 6 Other 7 Nothing can be done 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q75d. What do: wrongful arrest Q75d. What do: wrongful arrest Q75d. What do: wrongful arrest Q75d. What do: wrongful arrest Q75d. What do: wrongful arrest -1 Missing data 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 3 Use connections with influential 4 Offer tip or bribe 5 Join in public protest 6 Other 7 Nothing can be done 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q75e. What do: land seized Q75e. What do: land seized Q75e. What do: land seized Q75e. What do: land seized Q75e. What do: land seized -1 Missing data 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 3 Use connections with influential 4 Offer tip or bribe 5 Join in public protest 6 Other 7 Nothing can be done 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q76a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs -1 Missing data The President/ executive 1 The Parliament 2 Their political party 3 The voters 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs Q76b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs -1 Missing data The President/ executive 1 The Local Council 2 Their political party 3 The voters 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters Q77a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters -1 Missing data Not at all well 1 Not very well 2 Well 3 Very well 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders Q77b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders -1 Missing data Not at all well 1 Not very well 2 Well 3 Very well 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get elected Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get elected Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get elected Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get elected Q78a. Politicians: make promises to get elected -1 Missing data Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns Q78b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns -1 Missing data Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promises Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promises Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promises Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promises Q78c. Politicians: keep campaign promises -1 Missing data Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q78d. Politicians: deliver development Q78d. Politicians: deliver development Q78d. Politicians: deliver development Q78d. Politicians: deliver development Q78d. Politicians: deliver development -1 Missing data Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q79. Tribe or ethnic group Q79. Tribe or ethnic group Q79. Tribe or ethnic group Q79. Tribe or ethnic group Q79. Tribe or ethnic group -1 Missing data 1 English 2 Francais 3 Portugais 100 Afrikaans/ Afrikaner/ Boer 101 Ndebele 102 Xhosa 103 Pedi/Spedi/ North Sotho 104 Sesotho/Sotho/ South Sotho 105 Setswana/ Tswana 106 Shangaan 107 Swazi 108 Venda 109 Zulu 110 Other white/ European 111 Coloured 112 Indian 113 English 120 Fon 121 Adja 122 Bariba 123 Dendi 124 Yoruba 125 Ditamari 126 Peulh 127 Yoa 128 Haoussa 129 Ide 130 Lamba 140 Mokgatla 141 Mokwena 142 Mongwato 143 Mongwaketse 144 Motlokwa 145 Moherero 146 Morolong 147 Mosarwa 148 Mokalanga 149 Molete 150 Mmirwa 151 Motswapong 152 Mosobea 153 Motawana 154 Mokgalagadi 155 Moyei 156 Mohurutshe 157 Mombukushu 158 Monajwa 159 Mokhurutshe 160 Motalaote 169 Related to island originin 170 African 171 American or European 172 Related to Age 173 Related to Gender 174 Related to Occupation/Profession 175 Related to Religion 176 Related to Class 177 Related to Race 178 Related to Politics/Partizan 180 akan 181 ewe 182 GA/DANGBE 183 Other Northern Languages 184 gagomba 185 dagaati 200 Kikuyu 201 Luo 202 Luhya 203 Kamba 204 Meru 205 Kisii 206 Kalenjin 207 Masaai 208 Mijikenda 209 Taita 210 Somali 211 Pokot 212 Turkana 213 Bajuni 214 Kuria 215 Teso 216 Rendille 217 Embu 218 Borana 219 Samburu 220 Bakoena 221 Basiea 222 Bafokeng 223 Bahlakoana 224 Batsoeneng 225 Batloung 226 Bataung 227 Baphuthing 228 Batebele 229 Bathepu 230 Batlokoa 231 Bakhatla 232 Makholokoe 233 Makhoakhoa 234 Barolong 235 Banareng 236 Mapele 237 Bakubung 238 Maswati 239 Mchegu 240 antakarana 241 antambahoaka 242 antandroy 243 antanosy 244 antefasy 245 antemoro 246 antesaka 248 bara 249 betsileo 250 betsimisaraka 251 bezanozano 252 mahafaly 253 merina 254 sakalava 255 sihanaka 256 tanala 257 tsimihety 258 vezo 260 Tumbuka 261 Nkhonde 262 Lambya 263 Chewa 264 Yao 265 Ngoni 266 Lomwe 267 Manga'nja 268 Sena 269 Sukwa 270 Senga 271 Tonga 280 Bambara 281 Peuhl/Fulfuld 282 Senufo 283 Mianka 284 Mossi 285 Sonink 286 Malink 287 Khasonk 288 Dogon 289 Bobo 290 Bozo 291 Arabe 292 Maure 293 Kakolo 294 Samoko 295 Sonrha 296 Bella 297 Tamasheq 298 Dafing 300 Makua 301 Sena 302 Ndau 303 Nyanja 304 Changana 305 Chope 306 Bitonga 307 Makonde 308 Chuabo 309 Ajua 320 Oshiwambo 321 Herero 322 Caprivian 323 Rukwangali 324 German 325 Afrikaaner 326 English 327 Nama 328 Damara 329 Lozi 330 Subia 331 White 332 Black 333 Coloured 334 Baster 335 Setswana 336 Angolan: Portuguese 337 Angolan: Rumbundu 338 Ndembele (Zimbabwe) 339 Kavango 340 Hausa 341 Igbo 342 Yoruba 344 Efik 345 Ebira 346 Fulani 347 Isoko 348 Ibibio 349 Kanuri 350 Tiv 351 Nupe 352 Ijaw 353 Edo 354 Igala 355 Urhobo 356 Idoma 357 Itsekiri 358 Ikwere 360 Wolof 361 Pular 362 Serer 363 Mandinka 364 Soninke 365 Diola 366 Manjack 367 Bambara 368 Bainouk 369 Bassari 380 Mnyakyusa 381 Mchaga 382 Mhaya 383 Mngoni 384 Mkwere 385 Mpare 386 Mhehe 387 Mmakonde 388 Mnyamwezi 389 Msukuma 390 Mmasai 391 Mmeru 392 Mkurya 393 Mgogo 394 Mluguru 395 Mfipa 396 Mmanyema 397 Mnyiramba 398 Mnyaturu 405 Akaramojonj 406 Alur 407 Ateso 408 Japadhola 409 Jonam 410 Kakwa 411 Kumam 412 Kuksabin 413 Luo 414 Lugbara 415 Mugwere 416 Madi 417 Muganda 418 Mugishu 419 Musoga 420 Bemba 422 Tonga 423 Lozi 424 Chewa 425 Nsenga 426 Tumbuka 427 Kaonde 428 Luvale 429 Namwanga 430 Mambwe 431 Lenje 432 Lunda 433 Ngoni 435 Bisa 436 Ila 437 Nkoya 438 Lala 439 Mbunda 500 Munyoli 501 Mufumbira 502 Muhororo 503 Mukiga 504 Mukonzo 505 Munyarwanda 506 Munyoro 507 Mutagwenda 508 Mutooro 509 Mwamba 510 Munyankole 511 Samia 517 Mutagwenda 550 Awori 551 Tapa 553 Kalabari 554 Birom 555 Shuwa-Arab 556 Jukun 558 Gwari 559 Anang 560 Ekoi 561 Ukwani 562 Igede 563 Ekpeye 564 Taroh 565 Ogoni 566 Sayawa 567 Okpella 568 Okirika 570 Bavudie 571 Mapokwana 572 Mantsosa 573 Baropoli 575 Balafe 800 Arab 801 Swahili 802 Indian 803 Digo 804 Giriama 805 Duruma 806 Chonyi 807 Mijikenda 808 Arab 809 Gunya 810 Teso 811 Wanga 812 Kabarasi 813 Bukusu 814 Ombuya 815 Nyala 816 Vatsotso 817 Tachoni 818 Nyore 819 Maragoli 820 Marama 821 Sabaot 822 Nandi 823 Kipsigis 824 Tugen 825 Keiyo 826 Ethiopian/Kenyan 827 Burji 828 Murule 829 Dagodia 830 Gari 831 Mupule 832 Shabelle 833 Gabawen 834 Garmug 835 Maimai 860 Senga 861 Swahili 862 Nyanja 863 Soli 864 Chokwe 865 Nyika 866 Luchazi 867 Lamba 868 Kunda 869 Tabwa 870 Takaleya 871 Aushi 872 Kalunda 873 Kwamashi 874 Lambia 875 Chisinga 990 National identity only 995 Other 997 Not asked 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditions Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditions Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditions Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditions Q80a. Ethnic group's economic conditions -1 Missing 1 Much Better 2 Better 3 Same 4 Worse 5 Much Worse 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q80b. Ethnic group's political influence Q80b. Ethnic group's political influence Q80b. Ethnic group's political influence Q80b. Ethnic group's political influence Q80b. Ethnic group's political influence -1 Missing 1 Much more 2 More 3 Same 4 Less 5 Much less 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairly Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairly Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairly Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairly Q81. Ethnic group treated unfairly -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q82. Ethnic or national identity Q82. Ethnic or national identity Q82. Ethnic or national identity Q82. Ethnic or national identity Q82. Ethnic or national identity -1 Missing 1 Ethnic ID only 2 Ethnic ID more than national 3 National and ethnic IDs equal 4 National ID more than ethnic 5 National ID only 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted -1 Missing data You must be very careful 1 Most people can be trusted 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q84a. Trust relatives Q84a. Trust relatives Q84a. Trust relatives Q84a. Trust relatives Q84a. Trust relatives -1 Missing data Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q84b. Trust neighbors Q84b. Trust neighbors Q84b. Trust neighbors Q84b. Trust neighbors Q84b. Trust neighbors -1 Missing data Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic group Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic group Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic group Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic group Q84c. Trust people from your ethnic group -1 Missing data Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know 997 N/A 998 Refused Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groups Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groups Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groups Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groups Q84d. Trust people from other ethnic groups -1 Missing data Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 9 Don't know 997 N/A 998 Refused Q85. Close to political party Q85. Close to political party Q85. Close to political party Q85. Close to political party Q85. Close to political party -1 Missing No, not close to any party 1 Yes, feels close to a party 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q86. Which party Q86. Which party Q86. Which party Q86. Which party Q86. Which party -1 Missing data 100 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 101 African Muslim Party (AMP) 102 African National Congress (ANC) 103 Afrikaner Unity Movement 104 Alliance of Free Democrats 105 Azanian People's Organization (AZAPO) 106 Christian Party 107 Freedom Front 108 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 109 Minority Front 110 Freedom Front 111 Independent Democrats (ID)) 112 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 113 Minority Front 114 National Democratic Convention (NADECO) 115 New National Party (NNP) 116 Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) 117 Progressive Independent Movement 118 United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP) 119 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 120 Nicéphore SOGLO 121 Adrien HOUNGBEDJI 122 Bruno AMOUSSOU 123 Daniel TAWEMA 124 Sacca LAFIA 125 Séfou FAGBOHOUN 126 kerekou 127 Pascal FANTODJI 128 car 129 Yayi Boni 130 rdl 131 urp 132 ipd 133 fades 134 edd 135 map 136 CAPP SURU 137 pdb 138 upd 139 pne 140 Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM) 141 Botswana Congress Party(BCP) 142 Botswana Democratic Party(BDP) 143 Botswana National Front(BNF) 144 Botswana Independence Party (BIP) 145 mels 148 Botswana Peoples Party(BPP) 166 paicv 167 mpd 168 pcd 169 prd 170 ucid 171 psd 172 pts 180 cpp 181 ndc 182 npp 183 pnc 184 nrp 201 National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) 202 Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 203 Democratic Party of Kenya (DP) 204 Ford-Kenya (Ford-K) 205 Ford People (Ford-P) 206 Kenya African National Union (KANU) 207 National Party of Kenya (NPK) 208 Shirikisho 209 Ford Asili (Ford-A) 210 Labour Party of Kenya 211 Safina 212 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 213 nak 220 bnp 221 bcp 222 lcp 223 Popular Front for Democracy(PFD) 224 Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP) 225 Lesotho Peoples Congress (LPC) 228 Lesotho Workers party (LWP) 229 Basotho African Congress (BFC) 230 Christian Democratic Party (CDP) 231 African National Congress (ANC) 240 tim 241 arema 242 affa (crn) 243 rpsd - vaovao 244 leader - fanilo 245 avi 246 akfm fanavaozana 247 teza 248 grad iloafo 249 undd 250 mfm 251 monima 252 ame 253 independant 260 Alliance For democracy(AFORD) 261 Democratic Progressive Party 262 mafunde 263 Malawi Congress Party(MCP) 264 Movement For Genuine Democracy 265 National Congress Party 266 National democratic Alliance(NAD) 267 petra 268 Peoples Progressive Movement(PPM) 269 Republic Party(RP) 270 United Democratic Front (UDF) 280 adema 281 RPM/IBK 282 cnid 283 US-RDA 284 bara 285 parena 287 mpr 288 bdia 289 udo 290 rnd 291 miria 292 urd 293 Mouvement citoyen/ATT 300 frelimo 301 renamo 302 pimo 303 pdd 304 mbg 305 palmo 306 pasomo 320 swapo 321 Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) 322 Congress of Democrats (CoD) 323 United Democratic Front (UDF) 324 National Unity Democratic Group (Nudo) 325 Namibia Democratic Movement for Change (NDMC) 326 Monitor Action Group (MAG) 327 Republican Party (RP) 328 South West African National Union (SWANU) 340 pdp 341 ad 342 anpp 343 apga 344 pac 345 aplg 346 jp 347 cpn 348 ncp 349 unpp 350 npc 351 nap 352 prp 353 mdj 354 gpn 355 psd 356 Action Alliance (AA) 357 psp 360 pds 361 ps 362 afp 363 urd 364 aj 365 pit 366 JEF JEL 367 LD/MPT 368 Idrissa Seck 369 Opposition/CPC 380 Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) 381 Civic United Front (CUF) 382 Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) 383 Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD) 384 National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR-M) 385 National League for Democracy (NLD) 386 United Peoples' Democratic Party (UPDP) 387 National Reconstruction Alliance (NRA) 388 Tanzania Democratic Alliance Party (TADEA) 389 Tanzania Labour Party (TLP) 390 United Democtratic Party (UDP) 391 Democrasia Makini (MAKINI) 392 Haki na Ustawi (CHAUSTA) 393 The Forum for Restoration of Democracy (FORD) 394 Democratic Party (DP) 395 Progressive Party of Tanzania (PPT) 396 Jahazi Asilia 397 Sauti ya Umma (SAUTI) 420 fdd 421 hp 422 mmd 423 pf 424 unip 425 upnd 426 zrp 431 np 440 ZANU PF 441 mdc 442 ZANU NDONGA 443 zud 444 ziya 445 nagg 512 National Resistance Movement Organization (NRMO) 513 Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) 514 Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC) 515 Democratic Party (DP) 516 Conservative Party (CP) 517 jeema 850 United Independent Front 851 United Party of South Africa 995 Other 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q87. How close to this political party Q87. How close to this political party Q87. How close to this political party Q87. How close to this political party Q87. How close to this political party -1 Missing 1 Not very close 2 Somewhat close 3 Very close 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q90. Education of respondent Q90. Education of respondent Q90. Education of respondent Q90. Education of respondent Q90. Education of respondent -1 Missing No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling only 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Some secondary school/high school 5 Secondary school completed/high school 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 7 Some university 8 University completed 9 Post-graduate 99 Don't know 998 Refused Q91. Religion of respondent Q91. Religion of respondent Q91. Religion of respondent Q91. Religion of respondent Q91. Religion of respondent -1 Missing None 2 Catholic 3 Protestant (Mainstream) 4 Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal) 5 African Independent Church 6 Traditional religion 7 Hindu 8 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 9 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 10 Christian (general/other) 11 Muslim, Sunni 12 Muslim, Shiite 13 Jehovah's Witness 14 Seventh Day Adventist 15 Muslim (general/other) 100 Muslim (general) 101 Assembly of God 102 Dutch Reform/NG 103 zcc 104 Church of Christ 105 St. John 106 ame 107 vgk 108 Universal Church 200 Muslim General 241 anglican 242 protestant flm 320 Protestant 321 Other Churches 342 Other Muslim 360 Muslim Tijane 361 Muslim Mouride 362 Muslim Layène 363 Muslim khadre 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q92. How often attend religious services Q92. How often attend religious services Q92. How often attend religious services Q92. How often attend religious services Q92. How often attend religious services -1 Missing 1 Never 2 About once a year or less 3 About once every several months 4 About once a month 5 About once a week 6 More than once a week 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93a. Own book Q93a. Own book Q93a. Own book Q93a. Own book Q93a. Own book -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93b. Own radio Q93b. Own radio Q93b. Own radio Q93b. Own radio Q93b. Own radio -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93c. Own television Q93c. Own television Q93c. Own television Q93c. Own television Q93c. Own television -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93d. Own bicycle Q93d. Own bicycle Q93d. Own bicycle Q93d. Own bicycle Q93d. Own bicycle -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93e. Own motorcycle Q93e. Own motorcycle Q93e. Own motorcycle Q93e. Own motorcycle Q93e. Own motorcycle -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q93f. Own motor vehicle or car Q93f. Own motor vehicle or car Q93f. Own motor vehicle or car Q93f. Own motor vehicle or car Q93f. Own motor vehicle or car -1 Missing data No, don't own 1 Yes, do own 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q94. Employment status Q94. Employment status Q94. Employment status Q94. Employment status Q94. Employment status -1 Missing No (not looking) 1 No (looking) 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 3 Yes, part time (looking) 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 5 Yes, full time (looking) 9 Don't know 998 Refused Q95. Main occupation Q95. Main occupation Q95. Main occupation Q95. Main occupation Q95. Main occupation -1 Missing Never had a job 1 Subsistence farmer (own consumption only) 2 Peasant farmer (own consumption and sale) 3 Commercial farmer (mainly for sale) 4 Farm worker 5 Fisherman 6 Trader/Hawker/Vendor 7 Miner 8 Domestic worker/ maid 9 Police/ Security/ Military 10 Artisan/skilled, formal sector 11 Artisan/skilled, informal sector 12 Artisan/skilled, informal sector 13 Unskilled manual, formal sector 14 Unskilled manual, informal sector 15 Businessperson (works for others) 16 Businessperson (own business, less than 10) 17 Businessperson (own business, 10 or more) 18 Professional worker 19 Supervisor/ Foreman 20 Teacher 21 Government worker 22 Retail worker 23 Student 24 Housewife/ work in household 25 Pastoralist/herder/raise livestock 201 Pastoralist 220 Priest 221 Traditional Healer 222 Sells home made beer 223 Herdboy 224 Disabled 225 Politician 320 Employee at NGO 321 Artisan/Skilled manual worker: not sure formal or informal 322 Unskilled manual worker: not sure formal or informal 340 Clergy/Imam/Pastor 341 Musician 342 Politician 990 Unemployed 991 Retired 992 Disabled 993 Anything 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q96a. Physical health Q96a. Physical health Q96a. Physical health Q96a. Physical health Q96a. Physical health -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Many times 3 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q96b. Mental health Q96b. Mental health Q96b. Mental health Q96b. Mental health Q96b. Mental health -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Many times 3 Always 9 Don't Know 998 Refused Q97. Know died of AIDS Q97. Know died of AIDS Q97. Know died of AIDS Q97. Know died of AIDS Q97. Know died of AIDS -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q98. How many died of AIDS Q98. How many died of AIDS Q98. How many died of AIDS Q98. How many died of AIDS Q98. How many died of AIDS -1 Missing 997 Not Applicable 998 Will not say/Refused 999 Don't know Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party -1 Missing data 100 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 101 African Muslim Party (AMP) 102 African National Congress (ANC) 103 Afrikaner Unity Movement 104 Alliance of Free Democrats 105 Azanian People's Organization (AZAPO) 106 Christian Party 107 Democratic Alliance - Democratic Party (DA-DP) 108 Federal Alliance 109 Federal Democrats 110 Freedom Front 111 Independent Democrats (ID) 112 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 113 Minority Front 114 National Democratic Convention (NADECO) 115 New National Party (NNP) 116 Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) 117 Progressive Independent Movement 118 United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP) 119 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 120 Nicéphore SOGLO 121 Adrien HOUNGBEDJI 122 Bruno AMOUSSOU 123 Daniel TAWEMA 124 Sacca LAFIA 125 Séfou FAGBOHOUN 126 kerekou 127 Pascal FANTODJI 128 Lionel AGBO 129 Yayi Boni 130 rdl 132 ipd 133 fades 134 edd 135 map 136 CAPP SURU 137 pdb 140 Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM) 141 Botswana Congress Party(BCP) 142 Botswana Democratic Party(BDP) 143 Botswana National Front(BNF) 144 Botswana Independence Party (BIP) 146 New Democratic Front(UDF) 147 United Socialist Party(USP) 148 Botswana Peoples Party(BPP) 166 paicv 167 mpd 168 pcd 169 prd 170 ucid 171 psd 172 pts 180 cpp 181 ndc 182 npp 183 pnc 184 nrp 185 dpp 186 gcpp 201 National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) 202 Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 203 Democratic Party of Kenya (DP) 204 Ford-Kenya (Ford-K) 205 Ford People (Ford-P) 206 Kenya African National Union (KANU) 207 National Party of Kenya (NPK) 208 Shirikisho 209 Ford Asili (Ford-A) 210 Labour Party of Kenya 211 Safina 212 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 213 nak 220 Basotho National Party (BNP) 221 Basotho Congress Party (BCP) 222 Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) 223 Popular Front for Democracy (PFD) 224 Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP) 225 Lesotho Peoples Congress (LPC) 226 National Progressive Party (NPP) 228 Lesotho Workers Party (LWP) 229 Basotho African Congress (BAC) 230 Christian Democratic Party (CDP) 231 African National Congress (ANC) 240 tim 241 arema 242 affa 243 rpsd vaovao 244 leader 245 avi 246 akfm 247 teza 248 grad iloafo 249 undd 250 mfm 251 monima 252 ame 253 independant 260 Alliance For democracy(AFORD) 261 Democratic Progressive Party 262 mafunde 263 Malawi Congress Party(MCP) 264 Movement For Genuine Democracy 265 National Congress Party 266 National democratic Alliance(NAD) 267 petra 268 Peoples Progressive Movement(PPM) 269 Republic Party(RP) 270 United Democratic Front (UDF) 280 adema 281 RPM/IBK 282 cnid 283 US-RDA 284 bara 285 parena 286 sadi 287 mpr 288 bdia 289 udd 290 rnd 291 miria 292 urd 293 Mouvement citoyen/ATT 300 frelimo 301 renamo 302 pimo 303 pdd 304 mbg 305 palmo 306 pasomo 320 swapo 321 Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) 322 Congress of Democrats (CoD) 323 United Democratic Front (UDF) 324 National Unity Democratic Group (Nudo) 325 Namibia Democratic Movement for Change (NDMC) 326 Monitor Action Group (MAG) 327 Republican Party (RP) 328 South West African National Union (SWANU) 329 Any opposition party 330 Ruling party 340 pdp 341 ad 342 anpp 343 apga 344 pac 345 aplg 346 jp 347 cpn 348 ncp 349 unpp 350 npc 351 nap 352 prp 353 mdj 354 gpn 355 psd 356 Action Alliance (AA) 357 psp 360 pds 361 ps 362 afp 363 urd 364 aj 365 pit 366 JEF JEL 367 LD/MPT 368 Idrissa Seck 369 Opposition/CPC 380 Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) 381 Civic United Front (CUF) 382 Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA) 383 Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD) 384 National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR-M) 385 National League for Democracy (NLD) 386 United Peoples' Democratic Party (UPDP) 387 National Reconstruction Alliance (NRA) 388 Tanzania Democratic Alliance Party (TADEA) 389 Tanzania Labour Party (TLP) 390 United Democtratic Party (UDP) 391 Democrasia Makini (MAKINI) 392 Haki na Ustawi (CHAUSTA) 393 The Forum for Restoration of Democracy (FORD) 394 Democratic Party (DP) 395 Progressive Party of Tanzania (PPT) 396 Jahazi Asilia 397 Sauti ya Umma (SAUTI) 420 fdd 421 Heritage party (HP) 422 mmd 423 pf 424 unip 425 upnd 426 zrp 431 np 440 ZANU PF 441 mdc 442 ZANU NDONGA 443 zud 444 ziya 445 nagg 512 National Resistance Movement Organization (NRMO) 513 Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) 514 Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC) 515 Democratic Party (DP) 516 Conservative Party (CP) 517 jeema 850 United Independent Front 851 United Party of South Africa 990 Would vote for candidate and not party 995 Other 997 Would not vote 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor -1 Missing No one 1 Government (general) 2 National/ federal government 3 Provincial/ regional government 4 Local government 5 President/PM's office 6 Parliament/ National assembly 7 Government census/ statistics office 8 National Intelligence/ Secret Service 9 Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry 10 Tax or Finance Dept./Ministry 11 Health Dept./Ministry 12 Other government dept./ministry 13 Constitutional Commission 14 Electoral Commission 15 National Planning Commission 16 Public Utility Company 17 ngo 18 Political party/ politicians 19 Research company/org. (AB natl. partner) 20 Newspapers/ Media 21 University/ School/ College 22 Private company 23 International Organization 24 God or a religious organization 220 Principal Chief 221 Head Chief 222 His Majesty King Letsie III 320 Armed forces (Police, Army) 380 Government of Zanzibar (SMZ) 381 Human Rights Commission 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview -1 Missing Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent -1 Missing data 1 Male 2 Female Q102. Race of respondent. Q102. Race of respondent. Q102. Race of respondent. Q102. Race of respondent. Q102. Race of respondent. -1 Missing data 1 Black/African 2 White/European 3 Coloured/Mixed Race 4 Arab/Lebanese/North African 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 95 Other Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview -1 Missing 1 English 2 French 3 Portuguese 4 Kiswahili 100 Afrikaans 101 Ndebele 102 Xhosa 103 Pedi/Spedi/ North Sotho 104 Sesotho/Sotho/ South Sotho 105 Setswana/ Tswana 106 Shangaan 107 Swazi 108 Venda 109 Zulu 110 English + Afrikaans 111 English + Ndebele 112 English + Xhosa 113 English + Pedi/N. Sotho 114 English + Sesotho/S. Sotho 115 English + Setswana 116 English + Shangaan 117 English + Venda 118 English + Zulu 120 Fon 121 Adja 122 Bariba 123 Dendi 124 Yoruba 125 Otamari 126 Peulh 127 Yoa 140 Setswana 165 Creole 180 akan 181 ewe 182 ga 183 dagbani 184 husa 185 other 200 Kikuyu 201 Luo 202 Luhya 203 Kamba 204 Meru/Embu 205 Kisii 206 Kalenjin 209 Taita 210 Somali 211 Mijikenda 212 Gunya 213 Giriama 214 Kiswahili/Luhya 215 English/Swahili 216 Sabaot 217 Burji 218 Kuria 219 Maragoli 220 Sesotho 221 Seputi 240 malg officiel 241 dialect malg 260 Tumbuka 261 Nkhonde 262 Lambya 263 Chewa 264 Yao 265 Ngoni 266 Lomwe 267 Manga'nja 268 Sena 269 Sukwa 270 Senga 271 Tonga 280 Bambara 281 Peuhl/Fulfulde 283 Mianka 285 Sonink 286 Malink 287 Khasonk 288 Dogon 289 Bobo 292 Maure 293 Kakolo 294 Samoko 295 Sonrha 296 Bella 297 Tamasheq 300 Makua 301 Sena 302 Ndau 303 Nyanja 304 Changana 305 Chope 306 Bitonga 307 Makonde 308 Chuabo 309 Ajua 310 Quimuane 312 Nhungue 320 Nama/Damara 321 Afrikaans 322 Rukwangali 323 Silozi 324 Masubia 325 German 326 Oshiwambo 327 Otjiherero 328 Setswana 331 Mbukushu/Thimbukushu 332 English and Oshiwambo 333 English and Afrikaans 334 Afrikaans and Oshiwambo 335 English and local languages 336 Afrikaans and local languages 337 English, Afrikaans and local languages 338 More than one local language 340 Hausa 341 Igbo 342 Yoruba 343 Pidgin English 360 Wolof 361 Pular 362 Serer 363 Mandinka 364 Sonike 365 Diola 366 Manjack 367 Bamabara 368 Bainouk 369 Bassari 406 Alur 407 Ateso 413 Luo 414 Lugbara 416 Madi 417 Luganda 418 Lumasaba 419 Lusoga 420 Bemba 421 Nyanja 422 Tonga 423 Lozi 440 Ndebele 441 Shona 442 Venda 443 Kalanga 444 Tonga 501 Rufumbia 506 Runyoro - Rutooro 508 Rutooro 510 Runyankole - Rukiga 815 Boran 995 Other Q104. Others present Q104. Others present Q104. Others present Q104. Others present Q104. Others present -1 Missing data 1 No one 2 Spouse 3 Children Only 4 A few others 5 Small crowd Q105a. Check with others Q105a. Check with others Q105a. Check with others Q105a. Check with others Q105a. Check with others -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q105b. Influence by others Q105b. Influence by others Q105b. Influence by others Q105b. Influence by others Q105b. Influence by others -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q105c. Approached by community/ party representatives Q105c. Approached by community/ party representatives Q105c. Approached by community/ party representatives Q105c. Approached by community/ party representatives Q105c. Approached by community/ party representatives -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q105d. Feel threatened Q105d. Feel threatened Q105d. Feel threatened Q105d. Feel threatened Q105d. Feel threatened -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q105e. Physically threatened Q105e. Physically threatened Q105e. Physically threatened Q105e. Physically threatened Q105e. Physically threatened -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q106. Proportion difficulty answering Q106. Proportion difficulty answering Q106. Proportion difficulty answering Q106. Proportion difficulty answering Q106. Proportion difficulty answering -1 Missing None 1 Few 2 Some 3 Most 4 All Q107a. Trouble answering - first response Q107a. Trouble answering - first response Q107a. Trouble answering - first response Q107a. Trouble answering - first response Q107a. Trouble answering - first response Q107b. Trouble answering - second response Q107b. Trouble answering - second response Q107b. Trouble answering - second response Q107b. Trouble answering - second response Q107b. Trouble answering - second response Q107c. Trouble answering - third response Q107c. Trouble answering - third response Q107c. Trouble answering - third response Q107c. Trouble answering - third response Q107c. Trouble answering - third response Q108a. Respondent friendly Q108a. Respondent friendly Q108a. Respondent friendly Q108a. Respondent friendly Q108a. Respondent friendly -1 Missing data 1 Friendly 2 In between 3 Hostile Q108b. Respondent interested Q108b. Respondent interested Q108b. Respondent interested Q108b. Respondent interested Q108b. Respondent interested -1 Missing data 1 Interested 2 In between 3 Bored Q108c. Respondent cooperative Q108c. Respondent cooperative Q108c. Respondent cooperative Q108c. Respondent cooperative Q108c. Respondent cooperative -1 Missing data 1 Cooperative 2 In between 3 Uncooperative Q108d. Respondent patient Q108d. Respondent patient Q108d. Respondent patient Q108d. Respondent patient Q108d. Respondent patient -1 Missing data 1 Patient 2 In between 3 Impatient Q108e. Respondent at ease Q108e. Respondent at ease Q108e. Respondent at ease Q108e. Respondent at ease Q108e. Respondent at ease -1 Missing data 1 At ease 2 In between 3 Suspicious Q108f. Respondent honest Q108f. Respondent honest Q108f. Respondent honest Q108f. Respondent honest Q108f. Respondent honest -1 Missing data 1 Honest 2 In between 3 Misleading Q110. Interviewer's number Q110. Interviewer's number Q110. Interviewer's number Q110. Interviewer's number Q110. Interviewer's number Q111. Interviewer's age Q111. Interviewer's age Q111. Interviewer's age Q111. Interviewer's age Q111. Interviewer's age -1 Missing data Q112. Interviewer's gender Q112. Interviewer's gender Q112. Interviewer's gender Q112. Interviewer's gender Q112. Interviewer's gender -1 Missing data 1 Male 2 Female Q113. Interviewer urban or rural Q113. Interviewer urban or rural Q113. Interviewer urban or rural Q113. Interviewer urban or rural Q113. Interviewer urban or rural -1 Missing data 1 Rural 2 Urban Q114. Interviewer's home language Q114. Interviewer's home language Q114. Interviewer's home language Q114. Interviewer's home language Q114. Interviewer's home language -1 Missing 1 English 2 French 3 Portuguese 4 Kiswahili 100 Afrikaans 101 Ndebele 102 Xhosa 103 Pedi/Spedi/ North Sotho 104 Sesotho/Sotho/ South Sotho 105 Setswana/ Tswana 106 Shangaan 107 Swazi 108 Venda 109 Zulu 120 Fon 121 Adja 122 Bariba 123 Dendi 124 Yoruba 125 Otamari 126 Peulh 127 Yoa 140 Setswana 144 Sekalanga 145 Seherero 147 Sebirwa 165 Creole 180 akan 181 ewe 182 ga 183 dagbani 184 hausa 185 other 200 Kikuyu 201 Luo 202 Luhya 203 Kamba 204 Meru/Embu 205 Kisii 206 Kalenjin 207 Masai/Samburu 208 Mijikenda 209 Taita 210 Somali 211 Maragoli 212 Luo/English 220 Sesotho 240 malagasy officiel 241 dialecte 260 Tumbuka 261 Nkhonde 262 Lambya 263 Chewa 264 Yao 265 Ngoni 266 Lomwe 267 Manga'nja 268 Sena 269 Sukwa 270 Senga 271 Tonga 280 Bambara 281 Peuhl / Fulfuldé 282 Senufo 283 Mianka 284 Mossi 285 Soninké 286 Malinké 287 Khasonké 288 Dogon 289 Bobo 290 Bozo 291 Arabe 292 Maure 293 Kakolo 294 Samoko 295 Sonrhaï 296 Bella 297 Tamasheq 298 Dafing 300 Makua 301 Sena 302 Ndau 303 Nyanja 304 Changana 305 Chope 306 Bitonga 307 Makonde 308 Chuabo 309 Ajua 312 Quimuane 320 Nama/Damara 321 Afrikaans 322 Rukwangali 323 Silozi 324 Masubia 325 German 326 Oshiwambo 327 Otjiherero 328 Setswana 340 Hausa 341 Igbo 342 Yoruba 343 Pidgin English 344 Efik 345 Ebira 346 Fulani 347 Isoko 348 Ibibio 349 Kanuri 350 Tiv 351 Nupe 352 Ijaw 353 Edo 354 Igala 355 Urhobo 356 Idoma 357 Bassa 358 Ikwere 359 Ukwani 360 Wolof 361 Pular 362 Serer 363 Mandinka 364 Soninke 365 Diola 366 Manjack 367 Bambara 368 Bainouk 369 Bassari 380 Kinyakyusa 381 Kichaga 382 Kihaya 383 Kingoni 384 Kikwere 385 Kipare 386 Kihehe 387 Kimakonde 388 Kinyamwezi 389 Kisukuma 390 Kimasai 391 Kimeru 392 Kikurya 393 Kigogo 394 Kiluguru 395 Kifipa 396 Kimanyema 397 Kinyiramba 398 Kinyaturu 406 Alur 407 Ateso 413 Luo 414 Lugbara 417 Luganda 418 Lumasaba 419 Lusoga 420 Bemba 421 Nyanja 422 Tonga 423 Lozi 424 Chewa 425 Nsenga 427 Kaonda 428 Luvale 440 Ndebele 441 Shona 442 Venda 443 Kalanga 444 Tonga 503 Rukiga 506 Runyoro - Rutooro 510 Runyankole - Rukiga 550 Anang 551 Ron 552 Geomai 553 Kadara 554 Pyam 555 Bahumono 556 Boki 557 Yakurr 558 Esan 559 Bijim 560 Ekpeye 561 Jaba 562 Birom 563 Igede 564 Pyem 565 Taroh 566 Korro 567 Ogoni 568 Mbembe 569 Sayawa 580 Itsekiri 995 Other Q115. Interviewer's education Q115. Interviewer's education Q115. Interviewer's education Q115. Interviewer's education Q115. Interviewer's education -1 Missing 3 Primary school completed 4 Some secondary/high scl 5 High school completed 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 7 Some university 8 University completed 9 Post graduate Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q116a. Post office in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116b. School in the PSU/EA Q116b. School in the PSU/EA Q116b. School in the PSU/EA Q116b. School in the PSU/EA Q116b. School in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q116c. Police station in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q116d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q116e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q116f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q116g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q116h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q116i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q116j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q116k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q117a. Police in the PSU/EA Q117a. Police in the PSU/EA Q117a. Police in the PSU/EA Q117a. Police in the PSU/EA Q117a. Police in the PSU/EA -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q117b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q118. Tarred/ paved road Q118. Tarred/ paved road Q118. Tarred/ paved road Q118. Tarred/ paved road Q118. Tarred/ paved road -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Across country weight (N=1200 for all) Across country weight (N=1200 for all) Across country weight (N=1200 for all) Across country weight (N=1200 for all) Across country weight (N=1200 for all) Combined Weight (withinwt * acrosswt) Combined Weight (withinwt * acrosswt) Combined Weight (withinwt * acrosswt) Combined Weight (withinwt * acrosswt) Combined Weight (withinwt * acrosswt)