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<docDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <IDNo></IDNo>
      <titl></titl>
    </titlStmt>
    <prodStmt>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="University of Cape Town" role="">DataFirst</producer>
      <prodDate date="2026-09-14">2026-09-14</prodDate>
      <software version="v5">NADA</software>
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    <verStmt>
      <version>Version 1</version>
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<stdyDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <titl>Cape Town Household Survey 2024</titl>
      <subTitl>Round 1</subTitl>
      <altTitl>CTHS 2024</altTitl>
      <parTitl/>
      <IDNo>zaf-coct-cths-2024-v1</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <rspStmt>
      <AuthEnty affiliation="">City of Cape Town,  Policy and Strategy Department, Research Analytics Unit</AuthEnty>
      <othId role="Fieldwork and data collection" affiliation="Field research company contracted by the City of Cape Town" email="">
        <p>Kantar</p>
      </othId>
    </rspStmt>
    <prodStmt>
      <copyright/>
      <software version="beta" date="2026-09-18">MetadataEditor</software>
      <prodDate>2025-11</prodDate>
      <prodPlac>Cape Town, South Africa</prodPlac>
      <fundAg abbr="CCT" role="Funder">City of Cape Town</fundAg>
      <grantNo/>
    </prodStmt>
    <distStmt>
      <depDate date=""/>
      <distDate date=""/>
    </distStmt>
    <serStmt>
      <serName/>
      <serInfo><![CDATA[]]></serInfo>
    </serStmt>
    <verStmt>
      <version date="">Version 1</version>
      <verResp/>
      <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
    </verStmt>
    <biblCit format=""><![CDATA[]]></biblCit>
    <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
  </citation>
  <studyAuthorization date="">
    <authorizationStatement><![CDATA[]]></authorizationStatement>
  </studyAuthorization>
  <stdyInfo>
    <studyBudget><![CDATA[]]></studyBudget>
    <subject>
                  
                  
    </subject>
    <abstract><![CDATA[The City of Cape Town conducted the first Cape Town Household Survey between February and October 2024. The survey covered over 8,300 randomly selected households across around 150 suburbs, representing a mix of living arrangements and levels of formality. The survey was designed to obtain accurate, frequent, sub-metro data on households in formal dwellings, informal settlements, and additional dwellings informal (ADI). National surveys and City administrative records leave gaps, especially for households living in informality. The survey informs metropolitan planning, policy, and decision-making on socio-economic conditions, service delivery, and urban dynamics. Its aims are to bridge the municipal level data gap in national surveys, establish longitudinal data at sub-metro level, disaggregate service-delivery variables, group results into different spatial boundaries, compare results with Statistics South Africa census data, and integrate with city-level administrative data. The next round of the survey is expected in 2027.]]></abstract>
    <sumDscr>
      <collDate date="2024-02-17" event="start" cycle="Main fieldwork"/>
      <collDate date="2024-09-30" event="end" cycle="Main fieldwork"/>
      <collDate date="2024-10-05" event="start" cycle="Additional interviews in selected suburbs"/>
      <collDate date="2024-10-06" event="end" cycle="Additional interviews in selected suburbs"/>
      <nation abbr="zaf">South Africa</nation>
      <geogCover>The data covers the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.  Orphaned sub-places too small for a suburb profile were sampled for metro totals only.</geogCover>
      <geogCoverNote/>
      <geogUnit>The lowest level of geographic aggregation of the data is suburb. </geogUnit>
      <anlyUnit><![CDATA[Households and individuals]]></anlyUnit>
      <universe><![CDATA[Private households in residential dwellings in the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality. A household is a group of people who live together at least four nights a week, eat together, and share resources, or a single person who lives alone, occupying the same dwelling unit. Collective living quarters (student residences, prisons, military barracks, long-term care), industrial sub-places, and nature-reserve sub-places were excluded. Employees of the household (such as domestic workers) and tenants or lodgers paying to live with the household were treated as separate households. ]]></universe>
      <dataKind>Sample survey data [ssd]</dataKind>
    </sumDscr>
    <qualityStatement>
      <standardsCompliance>
        <complianceDescription/>
      </standardsCompliance>
      <otherQualityStatement/>
    </qualityStatement>
    <notes><![CDATA[Questionnaire modules cover assigned geographic identifiers, household composition, demographics, education, transport, disability, migration, employment, dwelling and tenure, assets, basic services, community amenities, burial preferences, negative events, spending changes, hunger, home business, income and grants, expenditure, interviewer observations, and device-captured fields including duration and GPS. Some modules (health diagnoses, safety, protection measures, rental, and precise GPS) are withheld from the Open Data release.]]></notes>
    <exPostEvaluation completionDate="" type="">
      <evaluationProcess/>
      <outcomes/>
    </exPostEvaluation>
  </stdyInfo>
  <studyDevelopment>
    <developmentActivity type="Pilot">
      <description>A pilot in October and November 2023 tested all aspects of the survey, with emphasis on the three main dwelling types, gated communities, questionnaire translations, response of foreigners, and high-risk areas. A representative sample was drawn in Hout Bay, Philippi, and Vrygrond; a purposive sample was drawn in Bellville and Strand. The pilot achieved 150 households.</description>
      <participant affiliation="" role="Fieldwork">Kantar</participant>
      <participant affiliation="" role="Survey sponsor">City of Cape Town</participant>
      <outcome>Pilot sample of 150 households; questionnaire and field procedures revised for the 2024 main survey.</outcome>
    </developmentActivity>
  </studyDevelopment>
  <method>
    <dataColl>
      <timeMeth>Cross-section</timeMeth>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="Fieldwork contractor" affiliation="Contracted by the City of Cape Town">Kantar</dataCollector>
      <collectorTraining type="Interviewer briefing">A face-to-face briefing was held on 13 February 2024 in Cape Town and was attended by 99 interviewers and fieldwork supervisors. Kantar project managers led the session; City officials attended. Interviewers then worked through the project pack and a test-mode questionnaire for two days. A Microsoft Teams follow-up on 15 February 2024 answered remaining questions.</collectorTraining>
      <frequenc>Every 2-3 years</frequenc>
      <sampProc><![CDATA[A stratified random sample was drawn with suburbs as the primary reporting unit. Strata combined 2011 Census sub-places with dwelling type: formal, informal settlement, and additional dwellings informal (ADI). After grouping sub-places and splitting large suburbs (including Delft, Gugulethu, Khayelitsha, Kraaifontein, Mitchell's Plain, and Philippi), the design used about 211 suburbs. The sample size targeted a 95% confidence interval per suburb and a 15% margin of error, with at least two households in each stratum. Homogeneous sub-places (at least 85% of one dwelling type) were sampled at random within the sub-place. Heterogeneous sub-places were stratified by dwelling type, with a minimum of two dwellings for each type that accounted for more than 10% of households; ADI and informal settlement were combined when either fell below 10%. Remaining sample was allocated by a power rule between proportionate and equal allocation. Visiting points came from the GeoTerraImage Building Based Land Use (BBLU) dataset through Survey Sampler, spatially sorted and drawn systematically, with twice as many substitute points as sample points. Collective living quarters, industrial areas, and nature reserves were excluded. Some orphaned sub-places were sampled for metro totals only and were not assigned to a suburb profile.]]></sampProc>
      <sampleFrame>
        <sampleFrameName>GeoTerraImage Building Based Land Use (BBLU)</sampleFrameName>
        <custodian>GeoTerraImage (GTI)</custodian>
        <universe/>
        <frameUnit isPrimary="True [true]">
          <unitType numberOfUnits=""/>
        </frameUnit>
        <updateProcedure>GTI updates BBLU through the New Development System, using satellite imagery on a weekly basis. The City updates population and household counts by sub-place annually with a growth model that uses building applications, aerial photography, Human Settlements data, and Statistics South Africa Mid-Year Population Estimates.</updateProcedure>
      </sampleFrame>
      <deviat>After the sample was drawn, City officials reviewed geographic spread. Some informal-settlement and ADI boundaries were redrawn where dwellings lay just outside the intended sub-place or official property boundary.</deviat>
      <collMode>Computer Assisted Personal Interview[capi]</collMode>
      <resInstru><![CDATA[The survey used a structured CAPI questionnaire on SurveyToGo, with mainly precoded answers and some open text (for example relationship-other and place names). Interviewer showcards appear in Appendix 1 of the source metadata document provided with the data. A full alphabetic index of variables is in Appendix 2.]]></resInstru>
      <instrumentDevelopment type="Pilot and translation">The questionnaire was piloted in October and November 2023 (n = 150) and revised before main fieldwork. Translations were prepared in Afrikaans, English, and isiXhosa.</instrumentDevelopment>
      <collSitu><![CDATA[On arrival at the sampled dwelling, the interviewer listed adult household members and identified those able to answer for the household and its members. Any such adult who was available could complete the interview; selection within the household was not randomised, and appointments and return visits were common. A substitute dwelling could be used after three unsuccessful visits at different times of day (including one outside working hours), after a refusal, or when the structure was vacant or not residential. Two replacements were drawn in the same stratum; if those also failed, a new dwelling was sampled. Interviews used Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) on SurveyToGo devices running Android 11 or higher. The questionnaire was available in Afrikaans, English, and isiXhosa; most interviews were in English. A pilot in October and November 2023 tested dwelling types, gated communities, translations, foreign respondents, and high-risk areas in five parts of the city (n = 150).]]></collSitu>
      <actMin><![CDATA[The interviewed household had to live in a dwelling within 60 m of the sampled point, confirmed by GPS at the end of the interview or by a geolocated address. In informal settlements, the interview had to take place in the same informal settlement or Area of Informality (AOI), with GPS, address, or settlement-name evidence. Dwelling type (formal, ADI, or informal settlement) and census sub-place had to match the sample. Kantar conducted back-checks up to six weeks after the interview. Names of household members and contact details collected for quality control were deleted after that period; the City did not receive names.]]></actMin>
      <ConOps><![CDATA[]]></ConOps>
      <weight><![CDATA[The household design weight is the estimated number of households in the stratum divided by the selected sample in the stratum: W_HH = HH_stratum / n_stratum. Household weights were then adjusted for non-response and for over- or under-coverage of dwelling types within the suburb, calibrated to the number of households by dwelling type in each suburb, and scaled to the Census 2022 household total of 1,452,845 for the City of Cape Town. Because every member of a selected household was listed, the person design weight equals the household weight. Integrated weighting (Lemaitre and Dufour 1987; Nieuwenbroek 1993), applied with a SAS macro, produced a single set of weights for household and person estimates. Auxiliary totals were suburb household counts and dwelling type from the City sampling frame, and Census 2022 age group (0-4 / 5-14 / 15-24 / 25-59 / 60+), gender, and population group. Use hhwght for household analyses. Person weights were available only at metro level at the time of release; unweighted person figures may be more stable for small geographic areas until person weights are updated.]]></weight>
      <cleanOps><![CDATA[Interviews that failed location, dwelling-type, or sub-place checks were excluded. Household members who did not stay at least four nights a week were removed, as were persons employed by the household or paying to live with the household where those cases had been listed in error. Open-text relationship and other-specify fields were categorised during cleaning where possible. Date of birth was used to validate age and is not released.]]></cleanOps>
    </dataColl>
    <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
    <anlyInfo>
      <respRate><![CDATA[The overall response rate was 84.0%: 80.2% in additional dwellings informal (ADI), 86.6% in formal dwellings, and 74.0% in informal settlements. Some suburbs recorded a 0% response rate (including Acacia Park, Foreshore/V&amp;A, Pollsmoor, and Stonehurst).]]></respRate>
      <EstSmpErr><![CDATA[The sample was designed for a 95% confidence interval per suburb and a 15% margin of error, subject to a minimum of two households per stratum.]]></EstSmpErr>
      <dataAppr><![CDATA[Interviewers sometimes interviewed a nearby household rather than the sampled dwelling. A 60 m proximity rule (or same AOI in informal settlements) and a requirement that dwelling type and sub-place match the sample were used to limit selection bias. GPS captured on the device was not always accurate; geolocated address was used as a check. Some special- request modules (health diagnoses, safety, protection measures) have known limitations and are released only to subject-matter experts.]]></dataAppr>
    </anlyInfo>
    <stdyClas><![CDATA[]]></stdyClas>
  </method>
  <dataAccs>
    <setAvail>
      <accsPlac URI="https://odp-cctegis.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/cctegis::2024-household-survey/explore">City of Cape Town Open Data Portal</accsPlac>
      <origArch/>
      <avlStatus/>
      <collSize/>
      <complete/>
      <fileQnty/>
      <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
    </setAvail>
    <useStmt>
      <restrctn/>
      <citReq><![CDATA[]]></citReq>
      <deposReq><![CDATA[]]></deposReq>
      <conditions><![CDATA[]]></conditions>
      <disclaimer><![CDATA[]]></disclaimer>
    </useStmt>
    <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
  </dataAccs>
  <notes><![CDATA[]]></notes>
</stdyDscr>
<fileDscr ID="F1">
  <fileTxt>
    <fileName>zaf-coct-cths-2024-v1</fileName>
    <fileCont></fileCont>
    <dimensns>
      <caseQnty>0</caseQnty>
      <varQnty>138</varQnty>
    </dimensns>
    <dataChck></dataChck>
    <dataMsng></dataMsng>
    <verStmt>
      <version></version>
    </verStmt>
  </fileTxt>
  <notes></notes>
</fileDscr>
<dataDscr>
<var ID="V1" name="ObjectId" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>ArcGIS row identifier</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V2" name="hhid" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household unique identifier</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V3" name="suburb" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Suburb (2011 Census SPs, City grouping)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V4" name="dwellingtype" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Dwelling type: Formal, Informal settlement, or ADI</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V5" name="language_int" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Preferred interview language</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V6" name="consent" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Consent to proceed with interview</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V7" name="hhsize" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of household members (4+ nights a week)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V8" name="hhchildren" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of children under 18 in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V9" name="material_walls" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main material used for the walls</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V10" name="material_roof" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main material used for the roof</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V11" name="tenure" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Tenure status of the occupied dwelling</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V12" name="tenureother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): tenure status of the dwelling</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V13" name="rental" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Any other part of the property being rented out</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V14" name="hhasset_fridge" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a refrigerator in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V15" name="hhasset_stove" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns an electrical/gas stove in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V16" name="hhasset_vacuum" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a vacuum cleaner in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V17" name="hhasset_washer" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a washing machine in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V18" name="hhasset_computer" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a computer/desktop/laptop in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V19" name="hhasset_sattv" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns satellite television in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V20" name="hhasset_dvd" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a DVD player in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V21" name="hhasset_vehicle" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a motor car in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V22" name="hhasset_tv" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a television in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V23" name="hhasset_radio" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a radio in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V24" name="hhasset_landline" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a landline/telephone in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V25" name="hhasset_cell" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a cell phone in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V26" name="hhasset_geyser" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a geyser (hot water) in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V27" name="hhasset_borehole" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns a borehole in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V28" name="hhasset_prepaidmeter" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has a prepaid electricity meter in working order</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V29" name="hhasset_loadshedding" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Owns generator/inverter/UPS or other loadshedding backup</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V30" name="hhasset_property" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns additional property for personal use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V31" name="hhasset_rental_short" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns additional property for short-term rental</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V32" name="hhasset_rental_long" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household owns additional property for long-term rental</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V33" name="internet" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main way the household accesses the internet</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V34" name="internetother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): main internet access</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V35" name="water_piped" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main way household gets piped water for household use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V36" name="water_drinking" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of drinking water</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V37" name="water_drinkingother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): main source of drinking water</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V38" name="water_household" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of water for household/domestic use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V39" name="water_householdother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): water for household/domestic use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V40" name="water_outdoor" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of water for outdoor use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V41" name="water_outdoorother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): water for outdoor use</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V42" name="water_interruption" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Piped water interruption in last 12 months despite payment</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V43" name="toilet" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main type of toilet facility used by the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V44" name="toiletother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): main toilet facility</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V45" name="hhwaste" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main refuse or rubbish disposal method</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V46" name="hhwasteother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): refuse or rubbish disposal</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V47" name="energy_cooking" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of energy for cooking</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V48" name="energy_lighting" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of energy for lighting</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V49" name="electricity" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Main source of electricity</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V50" name="electricityother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): main source of electricity</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V51" name="electricity_grid" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household presently connected to the main electricity supply</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V52" name="local_park" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public park in the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V53" name="local_library" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public library in the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V54" name="local_pool" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public pool in the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V55" name="local_sportsground" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to public sports facilities nearby</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V56" name="local_beach" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public beach in the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V57" name="local_naturereserve" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public nature reserve nearby</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V58" name="local_hall" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a community hall in the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V59" name="city_park" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public park outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V60" name="city_library" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public library outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V61" name="city_pool" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public pool outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V62" name="city_sportsground" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to sports facilities outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V63" name="city_beach" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a public beach outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V64" name="city_naturereserve" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a nature reserve outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V65" name="city_hall" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly visits to a community hall outside the neighbourhood</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V66" name="burial" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household preferred method of burial</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V67" name="burialother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): preferred method of burial</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V68" name="negevent_none" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>No negative events in the last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V69" name="negevent_flooding" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household negatively affected by flooding, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V70" name="negevent_fire" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household negatively affected by fire, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V71" name="negevent_crime_violent" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by violent crime, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V72" name="negevent_hospital" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by illness needing hospitalisation, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V73" name="negevent_wind" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by severe storm wind, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V74" name="negevent_otherdamage" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by other property damage, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V75" name="negevent_crime_nonviolent" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by non-violent crime, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V76" name="negevent_incomeloss" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by loss of income, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V77" name="negevent_landloss" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by loss of land/rental/property, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V78" name="negevent_other" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by another event, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V79" name="negevent_drought" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household negatively affected by drought, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V80" name="negevent_hail" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household negatively affected by hail/frost, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V81" name="negevent_landslide" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Negatively affected by landslide/erosion, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V82" name="negeventotherdamage" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): property damage event, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V83" name="negeventother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): negative event, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V84" name="spending_electricity" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to electricity price increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V85" name="spending_food" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to food price increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V86" name="spending_schoolfees" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to school fees increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V87" name="spending_none" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>No change to spending habits in the last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V88" name="spending_rent" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to rent/bond increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V89" name="spending_petrol" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to petrol price increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V90" name="spending_debt" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to debt collection payments, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V91" name="spending_other" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Changed spending due to other price increase, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V92" name="spendingother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): spending change from a price increase</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V93" name="hunger_adult" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Adult went hungry from lack of food, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V94" name="hunger_child" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Child went hungry from lack of food, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V95" name="without_food" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often household went without enough food, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V96" name="without_medical" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without needed medicine or treatment, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V97" name="without_debtrepay" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without paying monthly debt, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V98" name="without_shelter" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often household went without good shelter, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V99" name="without_rates" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without paying the municipal rates bill, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V100" name="without_fuel" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without fuel for heating or cooking, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V101" name="without_elec" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without electricity excl. loadshedding, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V102" name="without_airtime" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>How often went without buying cellphone airtime or data, last 12 months</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V103" name="homebusiness" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Someone in the household operates their own business from home</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V104" name="homebusiness_nonres" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Someone operates a business from the home but does not live here</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V105" name="workfromhome_fulltime" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Someone works from home full time (not own business)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V106" name="workfromhome_parttime" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Someone works from home at least 1 day a week (not own business)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V107" name="homebusinesstype" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Type of business operated from the home</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V108" name="homebusinesstypeother" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Other (specify): type of home business</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V109" name="income_wages" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has income from salaries/wages/commissions</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V110" name="income_business" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has income from a business</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V111" name="income_remittance" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has income from remittances</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V112" name="income_pension" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has pension from previous employment or annuity</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V113" name="income_grant" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has income from SASSA social grants</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V114" name="income_farming" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has income from sales of farming products/services</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V115" name="income_rental" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has rental income</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V116" name="income_other" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has other income (e.g. interest, dividends)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V117" name="income_none" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household has no income</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V118" name="noincome" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>No household income after recoding of other sources</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V119" name="hhincome" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Estimated total monthly household income (band)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V120" name="grants_oag" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of old-age grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V121" name="grants_disability" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of disability grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V122" name="grants_csg" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of child support grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V123" name="grants_cdg" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of care-dependency grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V124" name="grants_foster" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of foster care grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V125" name="grants_warvet" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of war veteran's grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V126" name="grants_inaid" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of grant-in-aid payments received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V127" name="grants_covid" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Number of COVID-19 SRD grants received in the household</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V128" name="exp_energy" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household spend on energy (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V129" name="exp_transport" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household spend on transport (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V130" name="exp_acc" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly spend on rent or bond repayments (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V131" name="exp_food" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household spend on food (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V132" name="exp_education" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household spend on education (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V133" name="exp_debt" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household spend on debt repayments (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V134" name="exp_saving" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly household saving or investing (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V135" name="exp_remittance" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Typical monthly remittances sent to family/friends (Rand)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V136" name="exp_none" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>No monthly expenditure reported on listed categories</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V137" name="date" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Interview date</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
<var ID="V138" name="hhwgt" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <varFormat type="character"/>
  <location width="-9"/>
  <labl>Household weight (design weight; use for household analysis)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald"/>
</var>
</dataDscr></codeBook>
