int-world-wc-2024-v1 WORLD Policy Analysis Center 2025-09-25 Nesstar Publisher Version 1 WORLD Constitutions 2024 WC 2024 int-world-wc-2024-v1 WORLD Policy Analysis Center Nesstar Publisher William & Flora Hewlett Foundation Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Ford Foundation DataFirst Support Other v1: Edited anonymised data for distribution as public access share-alike data The WORLD Policy Analysis Center (WORLD) is committed to improving the quantity and quality of globally comparative data available to policymakers, citizens, civil society, and researchers on laws and policies that work to support human rights, including economic opportunity, social and civic engagement, human health, development, well-being, and equity. The WORLD Constitutions 2024 dataset was created to assess progress on constitutional rights that matter to equal opportunities through a systematic review of national constitutions across all 193 UN countries as of June 2024. The dataset covers equality and non-discrimination across race and/or ethnicity, gender and sex, migrants and refugees, religion and belief, disability status, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and gender identity, as well as the right to education, health, decent working conditions and non-discrimination in employment, and social protection. World The data is at the level of country and includes all 193 UN member states Laws Other Constitutional equality and non-discrimination across race and/or ethnicity, gender and sex, migrants and refugees, religion and belief, disability status, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and gender identity, as well as the right to education, health, decent working conditions and non-discrimination in employment, and social protection. Ethics approval was not required because all data is from publicly available legislative texts DataFirst WORLD Policy Analysis Center (WORLD). WORLD Constitutions, 2024 [dataset]. Version 1. Los Angeles: WORLD Policy Analysis Center [producer], 2025. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/x0em-7220 Public access data for use under a Creative Commons CC-BY-SA (Attribution plus Share-Alike) License world-con-2024-v1.NSDstat 193 72 Nesstar 200801 country name 193 0 Afghanistan 1 Albania 1 Algeria 1 Andorra 1 Angola 1 Antigua and Barbuda 1 Argentina 1 Armenia 1 Australia 1 Austria 1 Azerbaijan 1 Bahamas 1 Bahrain 1 Bangladesh 1 Barbados 1 Belarus 1 Belgium 1 Belize 1 Benin 1 Bhutan 1 Bolivia 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 Botswana 1 Brazil 1 Brunei 1 Bulgaria 1 Burkina Faso 1 Burundi 1 Cabo Verde 1 Cambodia 1 Cameroon 1 Canada 1 Central African Republic 1 Chad 1 Chile 1 China 1 Colombia 1 Comoros 1 Costa Rica 1 Cote d'Ivoire 1 Croatia 1 Cuba 1 Cyprus 1 Czech Republic 1 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 Denmark 1 Djibouti 1 Dominica 1 Dominican Republic 1 Ecuador 1 Egypt 1 El Salvador 1 Equatorial Guinea 1 Eritrea 1 Estonia 1 Eswatini 1 Ethiopia 1 Fiji 1 Finland 1 France 1 Gabon 1 Georgia 1 Germany 1 Ghana 1 Greece 1 Grenada 1 Guatemala 1 Guinea 1 Guinea-Bissau 1 Guyana 1 Haiti 1 Honduras 1 Hungary 1 Iceland 1 India 1 Indonesia 1 Iran 1 Iraq 1 Ireland 1 Israel 1 Italy 1 Jamaica 1 Japan 1 Jordan 1 Kazakhstan 1 Kenya 1 Kiribati 1 Kuwait 1 Kyrgyzstan 1 Laos 1 Latvia 1 Lebanon 1 Lesotho 1 Liberia 1 Libya 1 Liechtenstein 1 Lithuania 1 Luxembourg 1 Madagascar 1 Malawi 1 Malaysia 1 Maldives 1 Mali 1 Malta 1 Marshall Islands 1 Mauritania 1 Mauritius 1 Mexico 1 Micronesia, Federated States of 1 Moldova 1 Monaco 1 Mongolia 1 Montenegro 1 Morocco 1 Mozambique 1 Myanmar 1 Namibia 1 Nauru 1 Nepal 1 New Zealand 1 Nicaragua 1 Niger 1 Nigeria 1 North Macedonia 1 Norway 1 Oman 1 Pakistan 1 Palau 1 Panama 1 Papua New Guinea 1 Paraguay 1 Peru 1 Poland 1 Portugal 1 Qatar 1 Republic of Korea 1 Republic of the Congo 1 Romania 1 Russian Federation 1 Rwanda 1 Samoa 1 San Marino 1 Sao Tome and Principe 1 Saudi Arabia 1 Senegal 1 Serbia 1 Seychelles 1 Sierra Leone 1 Singapore 1 Slovakia 1 Slovenia 1 Solomon Islands 1 Somalia 1 South Africa 1 South Sudan 1 Spain 1 Sri Lanka 1 St. Kitts and Nevis 1 St. Lucia 1 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1 Sudan 1 Suriname 1 Sweden 1 Switzerland 1 Syria 1 Tajikistan 1 Tanzania 1 Thailand 1 The Gambia 1 The Netherlands 1 The Philippines 1 Timor-Leste 1 Togo 1 Tonga 1 Trinidad and Tobago 1 Tunisia 1 Turkmenistan 1 Tuvalu 1 Türkiye 1 Uganda 1 Ukraine 1 United Arab Emirates 1 United Kingdom 1 United States of America 1 Uruguay 1 Uzbekistan 1 Vanuatu 1 Venezuela 1 Vietnam 1 Yemen 1 Zambia 1 Zimbabwe 1 iso 2 193 0 AD 1 AE 1 AF 1 AG 1 AL 1 AM 1 AO 1 AR 1 AT 1 AU 1 AZ 1 BA 1 BB 1 BD 1 BE 1 BF 1 BG 1 BH 1 BI 1 BJ 1 BN 1 BO 1 BR 1 BS 1 BT 1 BW 1 BY 1 BZ 1 CA 1 CD 1 CF 1 CG 1 CH 1 CI 1 CL 1 CM 1 CN 1 CO 1 CR 1 CU 1 CV 1 CY 1 CZ 1 DE 1 DJ 1 DK 1 DM 1 DO 1 DZ 1 EC 1 EE 1 EG 1 ER 1 ES 1 ET 1 FI 1 FJ 1 FM 1 FR 1 GA 1 GB 1 GD 1 GE 1 GH 1 GM 1 GN 1 GQ 1 GR 1 GT 1 GW 1 GY 1 HN 1 HR 1 HT 1 HU 1 ID 1 IE 1 IL 1 IN 1 IQ 1 IR 1 IS 1 IT 1 JM 1 JO 1 JP 1 KE 1 KG 1 KH 1 KI 1 KM 1 KN 1 KP 1 KR 1 KW 1 KZ 1 LA 1 LB 1 LC 1 LI 1 LK 1 LR 1 LS 1 LT 1 LU 1 LV 1 LY 1 MA 1 MC 1 MD 1 ME 1 MG 1 MH 1 MK 1 ML 1 MM 1 MN 1 MR 1 MT 1 MU 1 MV 1 MW 1 MX 1 MY 1 MZ 1 NA 1 NE 1 NG 1 NI 1 NL 1 NO 1 NP 1 NR 1 NZ 1 OM 1 PA 1 PE 1 PG 1 PH 1 PK 1 PL 1 PT 1 PW 1 PY 1 QA 1 RO 1 RS 1 RU 1 RW 1 SA 1 SB 1 SC 1 SD 1 SE 1 SG 1 SI 1 SK 1 SL 1 SM 1 SN 1 SO 1 SR 1 SS 1 ST 1 SV 1 SY 1 SZ 1 TD 1 TG 1 TH 1 TJ 1 TL 1 TM 1 TN 1 TO 1 TR 1 TT 1 TV 1 TZ 1 UA 1 UG 1 US 1 UY 1 UZ 1 VC 1 VE 1 VN 1 VU 1 WS 1 YE 1 ZA 1 ZM 1 ZW 1 iso3 193 0 AFG 1 AGO 1 ALB 1 AND 1 ARE 1 ARG 1 ARM 1 ATG 1 AUS 1 AUT 1 AZE 1 BDI 1 BEL 1 BEN 1 BFA 1 BGD 1 BGR 1 BHR 1 BHS 1 BIH 1 BLR 1 BLZ 1 BOL 1 BRA 1 BRB 1 BRN 1 BTN 1 BWA 1 CAF 1 CAN 1 CHE 1 CHL 1 CHN 1 CIV 1 CMR 1 COD 1 COG 1 COL 1 COM 1 CPV 1 CRI 1 CUB 1 CYP 1 CZE 1 DEU 1 DJI 1 DMA 1 DNK 1 DOM 1 DZA 1 ECU 1 EGY 1 ERI 1 ESP 1 EST 1 ETH 1 FIN 1 FJI 1 FRA 1 FSM 1 GAB 1 GBR 1 GEO 1 GHA 1 GIN 1 GMB 1 GNB 1 GNQ 1 GRC 1 GRD 1 GTM 1 GUY 1 HND 1 HRV 1 HTI 1 HUN 1 IDN 1 IND 1 IRL 1 IRN 1 IRQ 1 ISL 1 ISR 1 ITA 1 JAM 1 JOR 1 JPN 1 KAZ 1 KEN 1 KGZ 1 KHM 1 KIR 1 KNA 1 KOR 1 KWT 1 LAO 1 LBN 1 LBR 1 LBY 1 LCA 1 LIE 1 LKA 1 LSO 1 LTU 1 LUX 1 LVA 1 MAR 1 MCO 1 MDA 1 MDG 1 MDV 1 MEX 1 MHL 1 MKD 1 MLI 1 MLT 1 MMR 1 MNE 1 MNG 1 MOZ 1 MRT 1 MUS 1 MWI 1 MYS 1 NAM 1 NER 1 NGA 1 NIC 1 NLD 1 NOR 1 NPL 1 NRU 1 NZL 1 OMN 1 PAK 1 PAN 1 PER 1 PHL 1 PLW 1 PNG 1 POL 1 PRK 1 PRT 1 PRY 1 QAT 1 ROU 1 RUS 1 RWA 1 SAU 1 SDN 1 SEN 1 SGP 1 SLB 1 SLE 1 SLV 1 SMR 1 SOM 1 SRB 1 SSD 1 STP 1 SUR 1 SVK 1 SVN 1 SWE 1 SWZ 1 SYC 1 SYR 1 TCD 1 TGO 1 THA 1 TJK 1 TKM 1 TLS 1 TON 1 TTO 1 TUN 1 TUR 1 TUV 1 TZA 1 UGA 1 UKR 1 URY 1 USA 1 UZB 1 VCT 1 VEN 1 VNM 1 VUT 1 WSM 1 YEM 1 ZAF 1 ZMB 1 ZWE 1 un region 193 0 Americas 35 East Asia & Pacific 30 Europe & Central Asia 53 Middle East & North Africa 19 South Asia 8 Sub-Saharan Africa 48 world bank country income group 192 1 1 4 1 low-income 26 2 middle-income 103 4 high-income 63 Sysmiss 1 year constitution was adopted 193 0 1215 2024 1977.591 66.018 gender equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 8 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to sex and/or gender 17 3 aspirational provision 2 5 guaranteed right 166 gender equality in marriage 193 0 1 9 1 no specific provision 121 2 at least one aspect aspirational 2 3 only entering is guaranteed 11 4 equality within or when entering and exiting 46 5 guaranteed equality in entering, exiting, and within 12 9 may be limited 1 customary law status 193 0 1 5 1 customary law can prevail over some or all of the constituti 10 2 customary law is a normative source or legislation cannot co 15 3 no specific provision 79 4 customary law not explicitly addressed, but constitution is 59 5 customary law is explicitly subordinate to the constitution 30 religious law status 193 0 1 5 1 religious law can prevail over some or all of the constituti 8 2 religious law is a normative source or legislation cannot co 20 3 no specific provision 71 4 religious law not explicitly addressed, but constitution is 92 5 religious law is explicitly subordinate to the constitution 2 race equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 6 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to race/ethnicity 39 3 aspirational provision 1 5 guaranteed right 147 language equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 19 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to language 87 3 aspirational provision 2 5 guaranteed right 85 education in own language 193 0 1 5 1 explicitly denied 3 2 no specific provision 150 3 aspirational provision 3 5 guaranteed for at least some minority groups 37 non-citizens equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 full equality is explicitly reserved for citizens or restric 31 2 no specific provision 12 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 52 4 guaranteed right, not specific for non-citizens 55 5 guaranteed for non-citizens 43 stateless persons equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 full equality is explicitly reserved for citizens or restric 28 2 no specific provision 10 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 66 4 guaranteed right, not specific for stateless persons 72 5 guaranteed for stateless persons 17 foreign national origin equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 7 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to foreign national origin 70 3 aspirational provision 2 5 guaranteed right 114 non-citizen edu rights 193 0 1 5 1 education rights are explicitly reserved for citizens or res 8 2 no specific provision 47 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 49 4 guaranteed right, not specific for non-citizens 56 5 guaranteed for non-citizens 33 non-citizen work rights 193 0 1 5 1 work rights are explicitly reserved for citizens or restrict 10 2 no specific provision 46 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 50 4 guaranteed right, not specific for non-citizens 46 5 guaranteed for non-citizens 41 non-citizen health rights 193 0 1 5 1 health rights are explicitly reserved for citizens or restri 6 2 no specific provision 82 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 37 4 guaranteed right, not specific for non-citizens 40 5 guaranteed for non-citizens 28 non-citizen movement rights 193 0 1 5 1 explicitly reserved for citizens or restrictions permitted 30 2 no specific provision 28 3 right guaranteed using citizenship language 52 4 guaranteed right, not specific for non-citizens 44 5 guaranteed for non-citizens 39 religion equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 6 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to religion 36 3 aspirational provision 1 5 guaranteed right 150 freedom of religion 193 0 1 5 1 denied in full or part for at least some religions 6 2 no specific provision 2 3 guaranteed, but strong state religion 17 4 guaranteed, but state affiliated with specific religion 34 5 guaranteed and no state religion 134 freedom to not believe in religion 193 0 1 5 1 freedom of religion denied to at least some religions 5 2 no specific provision or only freedom of religion 139 3 guaranteed, but strong state religion 0 4 guaranteed, but state affiliated with specific religion 7 5 guaranteed and no state religion 42 protection from religion infringing on rights of others 193 0 1 5 1 no universal guarantee of religious freedom 8 2 no relevant restrictions or right is explicilty inviolable 83 3 protection of others' religious beliefs or the secularism of 7 4 protection from incitement to hatred 4 5 explicit protection of rights of others 91 religious states: role of religion 58 135 1 5 1 religion governs public life as well as private life 20 2 religion governs family life 2 5 no jurisdictional control 36 Sysmiss 135 secular states: treatment of religion 79 114 1 5 1 special relationship with a specific religion 9 2 privileges religion over nonbelief 15 3 god included in oath of office 5 4 references god in preamble 10 5 no role for religion 40 Sysmiss 114 does the constitution explicitly guarantee equality or non-discrimination across 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 19 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to sogi 162 3 aspirational for sogi 1 4 guaranteed for sexual orientation only 6 5 guaranteed for sexual orientation and gender identity 5 status of same-sex marriage 193 0 1 5 1 denied or may be denied 13 2 marriage is defined as between a man and a woman 19 3 constitution does not address same-sex marriage 150 4 not explicit, but right to marry is ungendered 10 5 explicitly guaranteed 1 disability equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 18 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to persons with disabiliti 107 3 aspirational provision 7 5 guaranteed right 61 children with disabilities edu rights 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 43 2 guaranteed right, not disability-specific 82 3 aspirational provision 5 4 education rights generally guaranteed and disability discrim 19 5 guaranteed right 44 children with disabilities health rights 193 0 1 5 1 no relevant provision 77 2 guaranteed right, not disability-specific 59 3 aspirational provision 11 4 health rights generally guaranteed and disability discrimina 14 5 guaranteed right 32 children with disabilities work rights 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 67 2 guaranteed right, not disability-specific 69 3 aspirational provision 7 4 work rights generally guaranteed and disability discriminati 21 5 guaranteed right 29 social class equality and non-discrimination 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 17 2 equality guaranteed, not specific to socioeconomic status 56 3 aspirational provision 5 5 guaranteed right 115 right to some aspect of education 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 34 3 aspirational or to be progressively realized 12 5 guaranteed 147 right to `sec 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 109 3 aspirational or to be progressively realized 19 5 guaranteed 65 right to `high 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 131 3 aspirational or to be progressively realized 23 5 guaranteed 39 right to free primary edu 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 66 2 income dependent or only for specific groups 1 3 aspirational provision 14 4 to be progressively realized 9 5 guaranteed right 103 right to free 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 123 2 income dependent or only for specific groups 3 3 aspirational provision 3 4 to be progressively realized 8 5 guaranteed right 56 right to free 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 157 2 aspirational provision 7 3 to be progressively realized 4 4 scholarships guaranteed 11 5 guaranteed right 14 equality in education 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 124 2 on the basis of merit or capabilities 4 3 aspirational for at least one group 0 4 guaranteed for 1 or 2 groups 25 5 guaranteed generally or to 3 or more groups 40 right to compulsory education 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 75 2 aspirational provision 12 3 to be progressively realized 3 5 at least some compulsory education 103 any constitutional approach to health 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 48 2 guaranteed for some groups, not universally 2 3 aspirational or subject to progressive realization 29 5 guaranteed right 113 Sysmiss 1 right to public health 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 118 2 granted to specific groups, but not universally 0 3 aspirational or subject to progressive realization 19 4 some aspects guaranteed 14 5 guaranteed right 42 right to a healthy environment 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 92 2 guaranteed for some groups, not universally 0 3 aspirational or subject to progressive realization 11 5 guaranteed right 90 right to medical care 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 77 2 guaranteed for some groups, not universally 6 3 aspirational or subject to progressive realization 25 4 guaranteed right 65 5 guaranteed free 20 right to health 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 94 2 guaranteed for some groups, not universally 8 3 aspirational or subject to progressive realization 20 5 guaranteed right 71 school integration for children with disabilities 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 186 2 only for sensory impairments 0 3 aspirational provision 2 4 only for physical 0 5 integration explicitly guaranteed 5 reasonable accomodation at work for adults with disabilities 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 191 4 broad right to reasonable accommodation 1 5 reasonable accommodation explicitly guaranteed 1 accessibility in public places and/or public transport for persons with disabili 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 173 3 aspirational provision or general guarantee of inclusion in 7 4 accessibility explicitly required in one, but not both 8 5 accessibility in both explicitly required 5 accessibility in schools for persons with disabilities 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 184 3 general guarantee of inclusion in society 4 5 school accessibility explicitly required 5 income security during unemployment 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 72 2 aspirational 23 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 13 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 38 5 specifically guaranteed 46 Sysmiss 1 income security during oldage 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 56 2 aspirational 31 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 2 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 26 5 specifically guaranteed 77 Sysmiss 1 income security during illness 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 69 2 aspirational 24 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 13 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 43 5 specifically guaranteed 43 Sysmiss 1 income security during disability 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 64 2 aspirational 28 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 6 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 40 5 specifically guaranteed 54 Sysmiss 1 income security during work injury 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 75 2 aspirational 23 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 25 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 54 5 specifically guaranteed 15 Sysmiss 1 income security during infancy for mothers 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 75 2 aspirational 21 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 17 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 48 5 specifically guaranteed 31 Sysmiss 1 income security during infancy for fathers 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 77 2 aspirational 23 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 28 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 57 5 specifically guaranteed 7 Sysmiss 1 income security during times of need for families 192 1 1 5 1 no specific provision 71 2 aspirational 23 3 not explicit, but guaranteed in cases of need or unable to w 20 4 not explicit, but broad right to social security 49 5 specifically guaranteed 29 Sysmiss 1 income security during at least aspect of need 193 0 1 5 1 no specific protection 85 5 at least one aspect guaranteed 108 right to adequate remuneration 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 115 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 11 5 guaranteed universally 67 right to at least one aspect of decent work 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 91 5 at least one aspect guaranteed 102 prohibition of discrimination in hiring 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 172 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 5 5 guaranteed universally 16 prohibition of discrimination in promotions 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 181 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 8 5 guaranteed universally 4 prohibition of discrimination in terminations 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 165 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 7 5 guaranteed universally 21 prohibition of discrimination in work 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 139 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 31 5 guaranteed universally 23 prohibition of discrimination in at least one aspect of work 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 122 5 at least one aspect guaranteed 71 prohibition of discrimination in working conditions 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 179 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 4 5 guaranteed universally 10 right to equal pay for equal work 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 135 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 22 5 guaranteed universally 36 right to paid leave 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 142 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 4 5 guaranteed universally 47 right to rest 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 116 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 6 5 guaranteed universally 71 right to safe working conditions 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 121 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 11 5 guaranteed universally 61 right to limited working hours 193 0 1 5 1 no specific provision 145 3 aspirational or guaranteed only to certain groups 3 5 guaranteed universally 45