South African Reconciliation Barometer 2003-2011 ddi-zaf-ijr-sarb-2003-2011-v1.1 DataFirst 2025-04-02 Nesstar Publisher Version 3 South African Reconciliation Barometer 2023, Round 18 SARB 2023 zaf-ijr-sarb-2023-v1 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation Nesstar Publisher Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency DataFirst Support Public Opinion Survey Version 1: Edited, anonymised data for public distribution Version 1 of the data from SARB 2023 (Round 18) was received by DataFirst from the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) in 2024. The South African Reconciliation Barometer is a time series public opinion survey that measures South African's attitudes towards reconciliation. Barometer surveys were conducted in 2003 (Rounds 1-2) and 2004 (Rounds 3- 4 (2 rounds per year); 2005 - 2013 (Rounds 5-13) (one round per year); and 2015 - 2023 (Rounds 14 to 18) (one round every 2nd year). The merged 2003-2015 dataset is made available by DataFirst, as well as separate datasets for 2017 (Round 15), 2019 (Round 16), 2021 (Round 17), and 2023 (Round 18). South Africa The lowest level of geographic aggregation of the data is Province. Individuals The survey covered all persons over 16 years of age living in multimember households. Individuals in informal settlements were also included in the sampling frame. Domestic workers and hostel dwellers were excluded from the sample. Survey data The SARB survey collected data on the respondent's race, education level, employment status, and income. The survey also collected data on their racial attitudes, opinions of government and government performance, their dependence on public services and opinions of service delivery, and their intertemporal perceptions of happiness and well-being. Ipsos-Markinor Face-to-face Each round of the SARB survey used a separate questionnaire and questionnaires changed between rounds. Sometimes changes were only to accommodate rewording but in some cases questions were removed or re-introduced. In recent rounds the goal of the IJR was to include 5-10% of questions on 'topical' issues, e.g., questions on Covid in 2021. DataFirst Institute for Justice and Reconciliation. South African Reconciliation Barometer 2023, Round 18 [dataset]. Cape Town: IJR [producer], 2024. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/F8RY-9J24 Public access data for use under a Creative Commons CC-BY (Attribution-only) License sarb-2023-r18-v1.NSDstat 2006 237 Nesstar 200801 ID - Respondent ID 2006 0 1592 23536 16572.825 6718.731 Day - Day of interview 2006 0 1 31 20.596 7.408 Month - Month of interview 2006 0 8 August 1804 9 September 202 Prov Province respondent lives in 2006 0 1 Eastern Cape 276 2 Free State 176 3 Gauteng 453 4 KwaZulu Natal 360 5 Limpopo 95 6 Mpumalanga 103 7 Northern Cape 66 8 North West 107 9 Western Cape 370 HH_CA Household Count - Adults (18+) 2006 0 1 458 2 733 3 458 4 218 5 94 6 32 7 8 8 2 9 3 HH_CB Household Count - All (including children) 2006 0 1 303 2 447 3 434 4 377 5 226 6 99 7 59 8 30 9 13 10 11 11 1 12 2 13 1 14 3 S27 Race of respondent 2006 0 1 Black 1160 2 Coloured 358 3 Indian 129 4 White 359 Q1 What is your age? 2006 0 18 120 42.078 14.886 Q1_re What is your age? (categories) 2006 0 1 18 - 24 226 2 25 - 34 478 3 35 - 44 503 4 45 - 54 381 5 55+ 418 Q2 What is the primary language you speak in your home now? 2006 0 1 English 518 2 Afrikaans 345 3 Ndebele 14 4 isiXhosa 260 5 Sepedi 85 6 Sesotho 165 7 Setswana 143 8 Shangaan 51 9 Swazi 26 10 Venda 15 11 isiZulu 379 996 Other 5 Q3 In terms of your gender, do you describe yourself as a man, a woman or in some other way? 2006 0 1 Man 907 2 Woman 1096 3 Non-binary or gender fluid 2 4 Transgender 1 996 Other 0 998 Refused 0 Q4_A Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without enough food to eat? 2006 0 1 Never 1215 2 Just once or twice 378 3 Several times 250 4 Many times 123 5 Always 35 998 Refused 2 999 Do not know 3 Q4_B Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without clean water for home use? 2006 0 1 Never 1037 2 Just once or twice 365 3 Several times 332 4 Many times 182 5 Always 87 998 Refused 0 999 Do not know 3 Q4_C Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without medicines or medical treatment? 2006 0 1 Never 1194 2 Just once or twice 369 3 Several times 256 4 Many times 137 5 Always 35 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 7 Q4_D Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without enough fuel to cook your food? 2006 0 1 Never 1115 2 Just once or twice 385 3 Several times 297 4 Many times 147 5 Always 36 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 17 Q4_E Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without a cash income? 2006 0 1 Never 854 2 Just once or twice 396 3 Several times 428 4 Many times 245 5 Always 80 998 Refused 1 999 Do not know 2 Q4_F Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without electricity in your home (excl. load shedding)? 2006 0 1 Never 917 2 Just once or twice 338 3 Several times 391 4 Many times 243 5 Always 113 998 Refused 1 999 Do not know 3 Q4_G Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family… Gone without internet access (excl. load shedding)? 2006 0 1 Never 802 2 Just once or twice 325 3 Several times 409 4 Many times 284 5 Always 156 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 23 Q5_A How would you regard your situation when compared to others? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to the rest of the community, your household conditions are… 2006 0 1 Much worse 168 2 Worse 346 3 The same 794 4 Better 459 5 Much better 191 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 39 Q5_B How would you regard your situation when compared to others? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to the rest of South Africa, your household conditions are… 2006 0 1 Much worse 201 2 Worse 418 3 The same 710 4 Better 448 5 Much better 173 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 44 Q5_C How would you regard your situation when compared to others? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to your parents’ lives, your household conditions are… 2006 0 1 Much worse 159 2 Worse 345 3 The same 635 4 Better 562 5 Much better 286 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 12 Q5_D How would you regard your situation when compared to others? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? How do these living conditions of you and your family compare to what they were like 2-3 years ago? 2006 0 1 Much worse 186 2 Worse 415 3 The same 657 4 Better 498 5 Much better 232 998 Refused 3 999 Do not know 15 Q5_E How would you regard your situation when compared to others? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? How are these living conditions of you and your family likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… 2006 0 1 Much worse 167 2 Worse 304 3 The same 590 4 Better 558 5 Much better 318 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 63 Q6_A How would you regard your situation when compared to others? ? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to the rest of the community, your financial situation is… 2006 0 1 Much worse 160 2 Worse 388 3 The same 718 4 Better 487 5 Much better 191 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 58 Q6_B How would you regard your situation when compared to others? ? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to the rest of South Africa, your financial situation is… 2006 0 1 Much worse 210 2 Worse 465 3 The same 643 4 Better 466 5 Much better 170 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 48 Q6_C How would you regard your situation when compared to others? ? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? In relation to your parents’ lives, your financial situation is… 2006 0 1 Much worse 176 2 Worse 394 3 The same 595 4 Better 559 5 Much better 248 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 21 Q6_D How would you regard your situation when compared to others? ? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? How does your financial situation and that of your family compare to what it was like 2-3 years ago? 2006 0 1 Much worse 192 2 Worse 405 3 The same 604 4 Better 551 5 Much better 236 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 6 Q6_E How would you regard your situation when compared to others? ? Is it much worse, worse, the same, better or much better? How is your financial situation and that of your family likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… 2006 0 1 Much worse 175 2 Worse 299 3 The same 562 4 Better 592 5 Much better 312 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 58 Q7_A Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. You don’t consider yourself well qualified to participate in issues affecting your country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 194 2 Disagree 447 3 Neither agree nor disagree 381 4 Agree 638 5 Strongly agree 320 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 15 Q7_B Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. You don’t feel you have a good understanding of the important issues affecting our country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 180 2 Disagree 473 3 Neither agree nor disagree 337 4 Agree 674 5 Strongly agree 315 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 15 Q7_C Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. You don’t think you are as well informed as most people about issues affecting our country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 174 2 Disagree 436 3 Neither agree nor disagree 341 4 Agree 693 5 Strongly agree 328 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 20 999 Do not know 14 Q7_D Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. The people should have the final say on important political issues by voting on them directly in referendums. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 49 2 Disagree 142 3 Neither agree nor disagree 249 4 Agree 836 5 Strongly agree 704 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 13 Q7_E Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. The people, not the politicians, should make our most important policy decisions. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 40 2 Disagree 167 3 Neither agree nor disagree 278 4 Agree 801 5 Strongly agree 689 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 18 Q7_F Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. The politicians in Parliament always need to follow the will of the people. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 44 2 Disagree 166 3 Neither agree nor disagree 251 4 Agree 768 5 Strongly agree 751 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 15 Q7_G Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about politics and voting. Ordinary South Africans can only rely on each other, rather than political elites. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 46 2 Disagree 202 3 Neither agree nor disagree 270 4 Agree 832 5 Strongly agree 629 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 18 999 Do not know 9 Q8_A Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Attended a community meeting 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 506 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 344 3 Once or twice 404 4 Several times 433 5 Often 154 6 Very often 154 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 5 Q8_B Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Got together with others to raise an issue 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 688 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 515 3 Once or twice 340 4 Several times 258 5 Often 112 6 Very often 81 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 5 Q8_C Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Contacted radio, TV, or a newspaper to complain about an issue 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 933 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 732 3 Once or twice 113 4 Several times 104 5 Often 61 6 Very often 42 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 8 Q8_D Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Contacted your local councillor or other community leaders about an issue 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 639 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 585 3 Once or twice 370 4 Several times 222 5 Often 102 6 Very often 74 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 7 Q8_E Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Shared political content on social media (e.g. Facebook or Twitter) 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 1118 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 348 3 Once or twice 204 4 Several times 173 5 Often 92 6 Very often 46 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 16 Q8_F Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Signed a petition (online or hardcopy) 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 821 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 610 3 Once or twice 263 4 Several times 151 5 Often 87 6 Very often 46 998 Refused 5 999 Do not know 23 Q8_G Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Refused to pay a tax or a fee to the government 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 1336 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 357 3 Once or twice 90 4 Several times 77 5 Often 67 6 Very often 35 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 27 Q8_H Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. Please tell me if you have personally done any of these things during the past year. Used force or violence for a political cause 2006 0 1 No, and would never do this 1415 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 243 3 Once or twice 129 4 Several times 108 5 Often 57 6 Very often 38 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 8 Q9_A How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Radio 2006 0 1 Not at all 126 2 A little 277 3 Somewhat 419 4 Quite a lot 618 5 A great deal 550 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 5 Q9_B How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Television 2006 0 1 Not at all 106 2 A little 265 3 Somewhat 397 4 Quite a lot 650 5 A great deal 571 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 6 Q9_C How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Print newspapers 2006 0 1 Not at all 216 2 A little 362 3 Somewhat 515 4 Quite a lot 477 5 A great deal 412 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 15 Q9_D How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Internet (news and other websites, not social media) 2006 0 1 Not at all 333 2 A little 391 3 Somewhat 456 4 Quite a lot 451 5 A great deal 327 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 37 Q9_E How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Social media such as Facebook and Twitter 2006 0 1 Not at all 473 2 A little 408 3 Somewhat 455 4 Quite a lot 334 5 A great deal 292 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 30 Q9_F How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news? Friends and family 2006 0 1 Not at all 131 2 A little 355 3 Somewhat 529 4 Quite a lot 480 5 A great deal 494 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 8 Q10_A To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? People should be allowed to express any political view that they have on social media 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 96 2 Disagree 175 3 Neither agree nor disagree 272 4 Agree 779 5 Strongly agree 647 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 22 Q10_B To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? Social media is effective in keeping those in power accountable 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 144 2 Disagree 209 3 Neither agree nor disagree 415 4 Agree 694 5 Strongly agree 496 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 33 Q10_C To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? Social media gives ordinary people a voice 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 88 2 Disagree 177 3 Neither agree nor disagree 289 4 Agree 790 5 Strongly agree 613 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 34 Q10_D To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? Government should be allowed to close down social media platforms when they feel that it undermines political stability 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 733 2 Disagree 452 3 Neither agree nor disagree 244 4 Agree 342 5 Strongly agree 196 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 28 Q10_E To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? Government should be allowed to close down internet messaging services when they feel that it undermines political stability 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 746 2 Disagree 465 3 Neither agree nor disagree 263 4 Agree 307 5 Strongly agree 189 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 27 Q10_F To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about social media? The government should be allowed to monitor my activities on social media 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 683 2 Disagree 401 3 Neither agree nor disagree 256 4 Agree 397 5 Strongly agree 229 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 28 Q11_A Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? The President 2006 0 1 Not at all 527 2 Not very much 358 3 Somewhat 430 4 Quite a lot 372 5 A great deal 289 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 16 Q11_B Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? The Deputy President 2006 0 1 Not at all 576 2 Not very much 431 3 Somewhat 460 4 Quite a lot 319 5 A great deal 178 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 32 Q11_C Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? National government 2006 0 1 Not at all 443 2 Not very much 435 3 Somewhat 476 4 Quite a lot 386 5 A great deal 243 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 16 Q11_D Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Provincial government 2006 0 1 Not at all 453 2 Not very much 443 3 Somewhat 458 4 Quite a lot 366 5 A great deal 264 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 13 Q11_E Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Local government 2006 0 1 Not at all 482 2 Not very much 418 3 Somewhat 472 4 Quite a lot 356 5 A great deal 245 998 Refused 18 999 Do not know 15 Q11_F Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Constitutional Court 2006 0 1 Not at all 355 2 Not very much 357 3 Somewhat 518 4 Quite a lot 433 5 A great deal 301 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 27 Q11_G Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Legal system in general 2006 0 1 Not at all 387 2 Not very much 418 3 Somewhat 501 4 Quite a lot 401 5 A great deal 255 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 30 Q11_H Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? South African Police Services (SAPS) / the police 2006 0 1 Not at all 477 2 Not very much 340 3 Somewhat 453 4 Quite a lot 391 5 A great deal 316 998 Refused 19 999 Do not know 10 Q11_I Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Public Protector 2006 0 1 Not at all 423 2 Not very much 380 3 Somewhat 532 4 Quite a lot 363 5 A great deal 249 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 50 Q11_J Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Parliament 2006 0 1 Not at all 463 2 Not very much 413 3 Somewhat 495 4 Quite a lot 357 5 A great deal 246 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 18 Q11_K Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) 2006 0 1 Not at all 414 2 Not very much 395 3 Somewhat 497 4 Quite a lot 402 5 A great deal 229 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 52 Q11_L Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? South African Revenue Service (SARS) 2006 0 1 Not at all 225 2 Not very much 309 3 Somewhat 529 4 Quite a lot 499 5 A great deal 393 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 34 Q11_M Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? SABC media (radio and TV) 2006 0 1 Not at all 132 2 Not very much 228 3 Somewhat 540 4 Quite a lot 590 5 A great deal 496 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 5 Q11_N Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? African National Congress (ANC) 2006 0 1 Not at all 672 2 Not very much 304 3 Somewhat 342 4 Quite a lot 323 5 A great deal 321 998 Refused 23 999 Do not know 21 Q11_O Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Democratic Alliance (DA) 2006 0 1 Not at all 569 2 Not very much 330 3 Somewhat 401 4 Quite a lot 312 5 A great deal 326 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 43 Q11_P Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 2006 0 1 Not at all 746 2 Not very much 301 3 Somewhat 330 4 Quite a lot 309 5 A great deal 268 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 27 Q11_Q Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Religious leaders 2006 0 1 Not at all 200 2 Not very much 301 3 Somewhat 526 4 Quite a lot 533 5 A great deal 422 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 10 Q11_R Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Large corporations / big business 2006 0 1 Not at all 239 2 Not very much 317 3 Somewhat 568 4 Quite a lot 458 5 A great deal 379 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 33 Q12_A Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements. Corrupt government officials often get away with it 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 44 2 Disagree 138 3 Neither agree nor disagree 179 4 Agree 661 5 Strongly agree 971 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 6 Q12_B Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements. Most politicians have no real will to fight corruption 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 74 2 Disagree 151 3 Neither agree nor disagree 252 4 Agree 737 5 Strongly agree 777 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 6 Q12_C Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements. Corruption affects ordinary people more than it does decision makers 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 36 2 Disagree 78 3 Neither agree nor disagree 189 4 Agree 620 5 Strongly agree 1066 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 4 Q12_D Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements. Government is effective in addressing corruption in South Africa 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 481 2 Disagree 405 3 Neither agree nor disagree 265 4 Agree 475 5 Strongly agree 359 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 11 Q13_A To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about leadership in this country? The people who run the country are not really concerned with what happens to people like me. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 36 2 Disagree 124 3 Neither agree nor disagree 190 4 Agree 748 5 Strongly agree 900 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 2 Q13_B To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about leadership in this country? Most of the time I find it difficult to trust the country’s national leaders to do what is right. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 38 2 Disagree 121 3 Neither agree nor disagree 249 4 Agree 792 5 Strongly agree 787 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 5 Q14_A How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about employment and the workforce? It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative of all races. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 16 2 Disagree 105 3 Neither agree nor disagree 226 4 Agree 840 5 Strongly agree 782 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 16 Q14_B How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about employment and the workforce? It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of gender. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 38 2 Disagree 153 3 Neither agree nor disagree 273 4 Agree 822 5 Strongly agree 684 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 16 999 Do not know 20 Q14_C How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about employment and the workforce? It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of physical ability and disability. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 24 2 Disagree 110 3 Neither agree nor disagree 263 4 Agree 848 5 Strongly agree 730 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 14 Q14_D How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about employment and the workforce? Employment Equity policies have not gone far enough in terms of transformation and must be strengthened. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 37 2 Disagree 127 3 Neither agree nor disagree 296 4 Agree 867 5 Strongly agree 640 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 25 Q15_A How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Your personal safety and that of your family 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 497 2 Worsened somewhat 451 3 Stayed the same 527 4 Improved somewhat 365 5 Improved a great deal 153 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 7 Q15_B How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Economic circumstances for you and your family 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 512 2 Worsened somewhat 451 3 Stayed the same 534 4 Improved somewhat 370 5 Improved a great deal 125 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 10 Q15_C How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Employment opportunities for you and your family 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 585 2 Worsened somewhat 450 3 Stayed the same 464 4 Improved somewhat 354 5 Improved a great deal 136 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 10 Q15_D How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Hope for the future for you and your family 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 407 2 Worsened somewhat 370 3 Stayed the same 554 4 Improved somewhat 498 5 Improved a great deal 162 998 Refused 3 999 Do not know 12 Q15_E How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Relations between people of different races 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 394 2 Worsened somewhat 354 3 Stayed the same 519 4 Improved somewhat 518 5 Improved a great deal 205 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 12 Q15_F How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? The gap between rich and poor 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 681 2 Worsened somewhat 441 3 Stayed the same 456 4 Improved somewhat 275 5 Improved a great deal 119 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 22 Q15_G How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Levels of corruption in the country 2006 0 1 Worsened a great deal 961 2 Worsened somewhat 395 3 Stayed the same 315 4 Improved somewhat 214 5 Improved a great deal 110 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 7 Q16_A Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Your personal safety and that of your family 2006 0 1 Much worse 423 2 Worse 398 3 The same 531 4 Better 415 5 Much better 204 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 26 Q16_B Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Economic circumstances for you and your family 2006 0 1 Much worse 397 2 Worse 467 3 The same 504 4 Better 432 5 Much better 184 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 16 Q16_C Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Employment opportunities for you and your family 2006 0 1 Much worse 465 2 Worse 417 3 The same 489 4 Better 408 5 Much better 191 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 23 Q16_D Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Hope for the future for you and your family 2006 0 1 Much worse 340 2 Worse 367 3 The same 498 4 Better 534 5 Much better 236 998 Refused 3 999 Do not know 28 Q16_E Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Relations between people of different races 2006 0 1 Much worse 343 2 Worse 327 3 The same 562 4 Better 501 5 Much better 232 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 31 Q16_F Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… The gap between rich and poor 2006 0 1 Much worse 559 2 Worse 458 3 The same 487 4 Better 320 5 Much better 139 998 Refused 5 999 Do not know 38 Q16_G Looking ahead to the future, how are these likely to change in the NEXT 2-3 years? Will they get… Levels of corruption in the country 2006 0 1 Much worse 798 2 Worse 451 3 The same 340 4 Better 271 5 Much better 122 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 16 Q17 Some people might think the country is going in the wrong direction today. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask you: would you say that the country is going: 2006 0 1 Mostly in the wrong direction 914 2 Somewhat in the wrong direction 368 3 Neither the wrong or right direction 341 4 Somewhat in the right direction 225 5 Mostly in the right direction 94 6 Difficult to say 52 998 Refused 2 999 Do not know 10 Q18_A In South Africa, different groups of people have different amounts of political and economic power. Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most… Economic power 2006 0 1 The majority of white people 658 2 A small group of white elites 202 3 The majority of black people 507 4 A small group of black elites 152 5 A small group of elites from various race groups 358 998 Refused 37 999 Do not know 92 Q18_B In South Africa, different groups of people have different amounts of political and economic power. Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most… Political power 2006 0 1 The majority of white people 174 2 A small group of white elites 131 3 The majority of black people 990 4 A small group of black elites 274 5 A small group of elites from various race groups 337 998 Refused 32 999 Do not know 68 Q19_A Thinking about your ability to influence the circumstances of you and your community, how do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you have? Economic power 2006 0 1 Very dissatisfied 644 2 Dissatisfied 551 3 Neutral 432 4 Satisfied 220 5 Very satisfied 122 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 23 Q19_B Thinking about your ability to influence the circumstances of you and your community, how do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you have? Political power 2006 0 1 Very dissatisfied 597 2 Dissatisfied 543 3 Neutral 435 4 Satisfied 268 5 Very satisfied 123 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 27 Q20_A How much do you know or have you heard about each of the following? Is it not at all, not very much, some, quite a lot or a great deal? Colonialism in South Africa 2006 0 1 Not at all 294 2 Very little 382 3 Somewhat 476 4 Quite a lot 494 5 A great deal 303 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 44 Q20_B How much do you know or have you heard about each of the following? Is it not at all, not very much, some, quite a lot or a great deal? Apartheid 2006 0 1 Not at all 157 2 Very little 326 3 Somewhat 423 4 Quite a lot 607 5 A great deal 462 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 24 Q20_C How much do you know or have you heard about each of the following? Is it not at all, not very much, some, quite a lot or a great deal? The transition to democracy in 1994 2006 0 1 Not at all 168 2 Very little 302 3 Somewhat 439 4 Quite a lot 608 5 A great deal 454 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 22 Q20_D How much do you know or have you heard about each of the following? Is it not at all, not very much, some, quite a lot or a great deal? The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) 2006 0 1 Not at all 288 2 Very little 407 3 Somewhat 483 4 Quite a lot 475 5 A great deal 299 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 45 Q21_A How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? The apartheid government oppressed the majority of South Africans. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 49 2 Disagree 115 3 Neither agree nor disagree 270 4 Agree 770 5 Strongly agree 749 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 23 999 Do not know 30 Q21_B How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? Under apartheid, black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of quality education. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 73 2 Disagree 179 3 Neither agree nor disagree 273 4 Agree 749 5 Strongly agree 672 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 35 Q21_C How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? Under apartheid, black South Africans were deprived of land and property ownership. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 61 2 Disagree 123 3 Neither agree nor disagree 247 4 Agree 733 5 Strongly agree 775 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 32 999 Do not know 35 Q21_D How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? Under apartheid, black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of earning proper livelihoods. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 78 2 Disagree 163 3 Neither agree nor disagree 297 4 Agree 721 5 Strongly agree 692 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 26 999 Do not know 29 Q21_E How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? The apartheid government committed terrible crimes against those struggling against apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 44 2 Disagree 116 3 Neither agree nor disagree 270 4 Agree 794 5 Strongly agree 727 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 34 Q21_F How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? Under apartheid, black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) suffered violence because of their race. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 56 2 Disagree 106 3 Neither agree nor disagree 315 4 Agree 705 5 Strongly agree 765 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 29 999 Do not know 30 Q21_G How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements about the past? Apartheid was a crime against humanity. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 58 2 Disagree 115 3 Neither agree nor disagree 267 4 Agree 728 5 Strongly agree 787 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 26 Q22_A For each of the following statements, please tell me how much effect you think apartheid has had on the situation in South Africa today. Lack of racial integration in residential areas 2006 0 1 Not at all 69 2 Not very much 205 3 Somewhat 436 4 Quite a lot 628 5 A great deal 592 998 Refused 29 999 Do not know 47 Q22_B For each of the following statements, please tell me how much effect you think apartheid has had on the situation in South Africa today. High rates of poverty among black South Africans black South Africans 2006 0 1 Not at all 93 2 Not very much 197 3 Somewhat 420 4 Quite a lot 563 5 A great deal 676 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 32 Q22_C For each of the following statements, please tell me how much effect you think apartheid has had on the situation in South Africa today. Greater wealth among white South Africans 2006 0 1 Not at all 94 2 Not very much 185 3 Somewhat 346 4 Quite a lot 588 5 A great deal 723 998 Refused 29 999 Do not know 41 Q22_D For each of the following statements, please tell me how much effect you think apartheid has had on the situation in South Africa today. Higher levels of land and property ownership among white South Africans 2006 0 1 Not at all 83 2 Not very much 180 3 Somewhat 393 4 Quite a lot 562 5 A great deal 716 998 Refused 31 999 Do not know 41 Q23_A In thinking about the goals you have in your life, how much do you agree or disagree with each the following statements? I have access to the financial resources I need to achieve my goals. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 334 2 Disagree 492 3 Neither agree nor disagree 317 4 Agree 553 5 Strongly agree 287 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 9 Q23_B In thinking about the goals you have in your life, how much do you agree or disagree with each the following statements? I have access to groups of people who can help me achieve my goals. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 301 2 Disagree 470 3 Neither agree nor disagree 324 4 Agree 585 5 Strongly agree 299 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 12 Q23_C In thinking about the goals you have in your life, how much do you agree or disagree with each the following statements? I have the education I need to achieve my goals 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 264 2 Disagree 382 3 Neither agree nor disagree 302 4 Agree 657 5 Strongly agree 377 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 11 Q23_D In thinking about the goals you have in your life, how much do you agree or disagree with each the following statements? I can easily get (or travel) to the places I need to in order to achieve my goals 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 288 2 Disagree 449 3 Neither agree nor disagree 315 4 Agree 607 5 Strongly agree 331 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 8 Q24 Generally speaking, would you say that you are trusting or distrusting of people? 2006 0 1 Very distrusting 253 2 Distrusting 395 3 Neither trusting nor distrusting 611 4 Trusting 477 5 Very trusting 239 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 20 Q25_A How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Your relatives 2006 0 1 Not at all 109 2 Not very much 270 3 Somewhat 587 4 Quite a lot 554 5 A great deal 469 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 2 Q25_B How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Your neighbours (in your immediate and local community) 2006 0 1 Not at all 194 2 Not very much 360 3 Somewhat 655 4 Quite a lot 481 5 A great deal 282 998 Refused 19 999 Do not know 15 Q25_C How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Your colleagues (at work, or studying etc.) 2006 0 1 Not at all 238 2 Not very much 373 3 Somewhat 619 4 Quite a lot 393 5 A great deal 229 998 Refused 43 999 Do not know 111 Q25_D How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Other race groups 2006 0 1 Not at all 309 2 Not very much 448 3 Somewhat 646 4 Quite a lot 364 5 A great deal 191 998 Refused 24 999 Do not know 24 Q25_E How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Other language groups 2006 0 1 Not at all 263 2 Not very much 397 3 Somewhat 670 4 Quite a lot 404 5 A great deal 226 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 21 Q25_F How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? People who practice a different religion than your own 2006 0 1 Not at all 230 2 Not very much 349 3 Somewhat 704 4 Quite a lot 410 5 A great deal 257 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 31 Q25_G How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? People with a different sexual orientation than your own 2006 0 1 Not at all 222 2 Not very much 377 3 Somewhat 679 4 Quite a lot 420 5 A great deal 243 998 Refused 35 999 Do not know 30 Q25_H How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Foreign nationals from other African countries living in South Africa 2006 0 1 Not at all 670 2 Not very much 408 3 Somewhat 451 4 Quite a lot 243 5 A great deal 198 998 Refused 18 999 Do not know 18 Q25_I How much do you trust the following groups of people? Is it not at all, not very much, somewhat, quite a lot or a great deal? Foreign nationals not from African countries living in South Africa 2006 0 1 Not at all 631 2 Not very much 411 3 Somewhat 472 4 Quite a lot 266 5 A great deal 182 998 Refused 26 999 Do not know 18 Q26_A Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. Being a South African is an important part of how you see yourself. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 19 2 Disagree 103 3 Neither agree nor disagree 205 4 Agree 920 5 Strongly agree 736 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 16 999 Do not know 7 Q26_B Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. People should realise we are South Africans first, and not think of themselves in terms of other groups they belong to. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 22 2 Disagree 104 3 Neither agree nor disagree 232 4 Agree 897 5 Strongly agree 733 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 5 Q26_C Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. You would want your children to think of themselves as South African. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 26 2 Disagree 103 3 Neither agree nor disagree 228 4 Agree 878 5 Strongly agree 753 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 9 Q26_D Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. It is desirable to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups who live in this country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 35 2 Disagree 162 3 Neither agree nor disagree 291 4 Agree 878 5 Strongly agree 613 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 12 Q26_E Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. It is possible to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups who live in this country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 43 2 Disagree 201 3 Neither agree nor disagree 328 4 Agree 841 5 Strongly agree 579 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 7 Q26_F Thinking about yourself as a South African, please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following. Even though we have differences, there is more that unites us as South Africans than keeps us apart. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 45 2 Disagree 147 3 Neither agree nor disagree 304 4 Agree 890 5 Strongly agree 593 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 20 999 Do not know 7 Q27_A Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Moving into your neighbourhood 2006 0 1 Very likely 214 2 Likely 312 3 Neutral 447 4 Unlikely 499 5 Very unlikely 498 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 19 Q27_B Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Operating a business in your area 2006 0 1 Very likely 262 2 Likely 316 3 Neutral 376 4 Unlikely 537 5 Very unlikely 489 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 13 Q27_C Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing government services 2006 0 1 Very likely 219 2 Likely 277 3 Neutral 410 4 Unlikely 510 5 Very unlikely 542 998 Refused 27 999 Do not know 21 Q27_D Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing jobs 2006 0 1 Very likely 273 2 Likely 308 3 Neutral 355 4 Unlikely 548 5 Very unlikely 492 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 13 Q28_A When you think of yourself and your daily interaction with others, which group do you associate with most strongly? Those who… 2006 0 1 Speak the same language – mother tongue – as I do 634 2 Belong to the same racial group as I do 300 3 Those who are in the same economic class as I am 236 4 Those who practise and follow the same religion as I do 184 5 Those who support the same political party as I do 96 6 Those who regard themselves primarily as South Africans 245 7 None (no specific group) 258 996 Other 7 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 25 Q28_A_Other When you think of yourself and your daily interaction with others, which group do you associate with most strongly? Those who… [Other] 7 0 Am comfortable with person whos comfortable to me 1 Anyone who do his duty to uplift the country 1 Neighbours 1 People in my neighbourhood 1 Same age as me 1 Same as me 1 Those who consider themself people and equals 1 Q28_B Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly? 1702 304 1 Speak the same language – mother tongue – as I do 290 2 Belong to the same racial group as I do 399 3 Those who are in the same economic class as I am 252 4 Those who practise and follow the same religion as I do 255 5 Those who support the same political party as I do 205 6 Those who regard themselves primarily as South Africans 220 7 None (no specific group) 71 996 Other 5 998 Refused 1 999 Do not know 4 Sysmiss 304 Q28_B_Other Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly? [Other] 5 0 Community member 1 1 People I drink with 1 1 Those I interact with in my daily activities 1 Q29 Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly. How important is this to you? 1702 304 1 Not at all important 45 2 Not very important 109 3 Somewhat important 509 4 Very important 1032 998 Refused 2 999 Do not know 5 Sysmiss 304 Q30_A Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say that belonging to those who Makes you feel good about yourself 1702 304 1 Strongly disagree 24 2 Disagree 66 3 Neither agree nor disagree 226 4 Agree 799 5 Strongly agree 572 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 2 Sysmiss 304 Q30_B Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say that belonging to those who Makes you feel important 1702 304 1 Strongly disagree 26 2 Disagree 103 3 Neither agree nor disagree 216 4 Agree 776 5 Strongly agree 564 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 2 Sysmiss 304 Q30_C Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say that belonging to those who Makes you feel secure 1702 304 1 Strongly disagree 38 2 Disagree 87 3 Neither agree nor disagree 220 4 Agree 803 5 Strongly agree 527 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 6 Sysmiss 304 Q31 Excluding your own race group, which one race group do you find most difficult to associate with? 2006 0 1 Black people 145 2 White people 255 3 Indian|Asian people 269 4 Coloured people 133 5 Do not have difficulties associating with people of any rac 1129 998 Refused 41 999 Do not know 34 Q32_A Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Living in a neighbourhood where half or more of your neighbours are people from the group you mentioned. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 49 2 Approve 318 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 180 4 Disapprove 168 5 Strongly disapprove 69 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 8 Sysmiss 1204 Q32_B Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Having a person from the group you mentioned sitting next to your child, or the child of a family member, at school. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 58 2 Approve 377 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 184 4 Disapprove 121 5 Strongly disapprove 49 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 6 Sysmiss 1204 Q32_C Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Having your child, or the child of a family member, taught by a person from the group you mentioned at school. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 78 2 Approve 346 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 169 4 Disapprove 132 5 Strongly disapprove 57 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 11 Sysmiss 1204 Q32_D Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Having to work for and take instructions from a person from the group you mentioned. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 70 2 Approve 336 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 159 4 Disapprove 147 5 Strongly disapprove 79 998 Refused 5 999 Do not know 6 Sysmiss 1204 Q32_E Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Having a close relative marry a person from the group you mentioned. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 56 2 Approve 283 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 180 4 Disapprove 170 5 Strongly disapprove 91 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 11 Sysmiss 1204 Q32_F Please think of the group you mentioned as most difficult to associate with in the previous question. Being treated by a doctor from the group you mentioned in an emergency situation. 802 1204 1 Strongly approve 115 2 Approve 354 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 160 4 Disapprove 105 5 Strongly disapprove 49 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 11 Sysmiss 1204 Q33_A Thinking about a typical day in the past month, how often did you: Interact or talk to someone who is a different race to you? 2006 0 1 Never 164 2 Rarely 386 3 Sometimes 568 4 Often 489 5 Always 375 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 13 Q33_B Thinking about a typical day in the past month, how often did you: Socialise in your own home or the homes of friends with people of other races? 2006 0 1 Never 426 2 Rarely 405 3 Sometimes 516 4 Often 360 5 Always 275 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 9 Q34 If you had the choice, how much would you want to interact with people of different race groups? 2006 0 1 More often 488 2 About the same as now 1028 3 Less often 327 4 Never 77 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 69 Q35_1 In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? Coded response 1 2006 0 1 25 1 Opportunities to talk; engage: do not live in the same area 212 2 Your willingness to talk; engage: I do not care about other 73 3 Your confidence: They might be rude; might find me disgusti 16 4 Fear; anxiety: Scared of them; Bullying; Violent; Crime; Wa 137 5 No common ground: Different traditions; religions; cultures 185 6 Language barriers: Do not speak the same language; Communic 327 7 Negative prior experiences 5 8 Nothing prevents me [DNR]: I can communicate with anyone; D 576 9 Do not like racist people: Racism; They hate black; white p 129 10 Discrimination: When they discriminate; Judgemental; Prejud 64 11 They look down at us: Think they are better; do not want to 59 12 No respect: Disrespect; Lack of respect 40 13 Not trustworthy: Do not trust them; not honest; Corrupt 33 14 Rudeness: Bad treatment; Abusive 35 15 Criminals: Kill people; Drug dealers; Always fight; Abuse k 33 16 Arrogance: Attitude 14 17 Undermine others 7 18 Apartheid: They killed us; stole our land; our dignity; The 8 19 Hatred: Between races; hate crimes; Do not like us 1 20 No faith: Do not have faith in me 2 21 Selfish: Treat us unfairly; Greed 2 22 Privilege: They were born wealthy; we cannot relate; we lac 4 23 Foreigners: Foreign nationalists; Chinese; Asian 0 24 Other 14 25 Do not know: Nothing to say; no reason; No comment; Refuse; 30 Q35_2 In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? Coded response 2 846 1160 2 25 1 Opportunities to talk; engage: do not live in the same area 0 2 Your willingness to talk; engage: I do not care about other 7 3 Your confidence: They might be rude; might find me disgusti 2 4 Fear; anxiety: Scared of them; Bullying; Violent; Crime; Wa 5 5 No common ground: Different traditions; religions; cultures 24 6 Language barriers: Do not speak the same language; Communic 148 7 Negative prior experiences 3 8 Nothing prevents me [DNR]: I can communicate with anyone; D 26 9 Do not like racist people: Racism; They hate black; white p 54 10 Discrimination: When they discriminate; Judgemental; Prejud 76 11 They look down at us: Think they are better; do not want to 59 12 No respect: Disrespect; Lack of respect 67 13 Not trustworthy: Do not trust them; not honest; Corrupt 67 14 Rudeness: Bad treatment; Abusive 60 15 Criminals: Kill people; Drug dealers; Always fight; Abuse k 52 16 Arrogance: Attitude 50 17 Undermine others 17 18 Apartheid: They killed us; stole our land; our dignity; The 25 19 Hatred: Between races; hate crimes; Do not like us 24 20 No faith: Do not have faith in me 14 21 Selfish: Treat us unfairly; Greed 16 22 Privilege: They were born wealthy; we cannot relate; we lac 9 23 Foreigners: Foreign nationalists; Chinese; Asian 6 24 Other 34 25 Do not know: Nothing to say; no reason; No comment; Refuse; 1 Q35_3 In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? Coded response 3 133 1873 1 Opportunities to talk; engage: do not live in the same area 0 2 Your willingness to talk; engage: I do not care about other 0 3 Your confidence: They might be rude; might find me disgusti 0 4 Fear; anxiety: Scared of them; Bullying; Violent; Crime; Wa 0 5 No common ground: Different traditions; religions; cultures 0 6 Language barriers: Do not speak the same language; Communic 2 7 Negative prior experiences 0 8 Nothing prevents me [DNR]: I can communicate with anyone; D 0 9 Do not like racist people: Racism; They hate black; white p 3 10 Discrimination: When they discriminate; Judgemental; Prejud 7 11 They look down at us: Think they are better; do not want to 3 12 No respect: Disrespect; Lack of respect 6 13 Not trustworthy: Do not trust them; not honest; Corrupt 13 14 Rudeness: Bad treatment; Abusive 15 15 Criminals: Kill people; Drug dealers; Always fight; Abuse k 13 16 Arrogance: Attitude 10 17 Undermine others 13 18 Apartheid: They killed us; stole our land; our dignity; The 5 19 Hatred: Between races; hate crimes; Do not like us 7 20 No faith: Do not have faith in me 12 21 Selfish: Treat us unfairly; Greed 9 22 Privilege: They were born wealthy; we cannot relate; we lac 7 23 Foreigners: Foreign nationalists; Chinese; Asian 7 24 Other 1 25 Do not know: Nothing to say; no reason; No comment; Refuse; 0 Sysmiss 1873 Q35_4 In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? Coded response 4 20 1986 12 23 1 Opportunities to talk; engage: do not live in the same area 0 2 Your willingness to talk; engage: I do not care about other 0 3 Your confidence: They might be rude; might find me disgusti 0 4 Fear; anxiety: Scared of them; Bullying; Violent; Crime; Wa 0 5 No common ground: Different traditions; religions; cultures 0 6 Language barriers: Do not speak the same language; Communic 0 7 Negative prior experiences 0 8 Nothing prevents me [DNR]: I can communicate with anyone; D 0 9 Do not like racist people: Racism; They hate black; white p 0 10 Discrimination: When they discriminate; Judgemental; Prejud 0 11 They look down at us: Think they are better; do not want to 0 12 No respect: Disrespect; Lack of respect 1 13 Not trustworthy: Do not trust them; not honest; Corrupt 1 14 Rudeness: Bad treatment; Abusive 1 15 Criminals: Kill people; Drug dealers; Always fight; Abuse k 4 16 Arrogance: Attitude 4 17 Undermine others 0 18 Apartheid: They killed us; stole our land; our dignity; The 0 19 Hatred: Between races; hate crimes; Do not like us 1 20 No faith: Do not have faith in me 2 21 Selfish: Treat us unfairly; Greed 2 22 Privilege: They were born wealthy; we cannot relate; we lac 2 23 Foreigners: Foreign nationalists; Chinese; Asian 2 24 Other 0 25 Do not know: Nothing to say; no reason; No comment; Refuse; 0 Q35_5 In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? Coded response 5 2 2004 17 21 1 Opportunities to talk; engage: do not live in the same area 0 2 Your willingness to talk; engage: I do not care about other 0 3 Your confidence: They might be rude; might find me disgusti 0 4 Fear; anxiety: Scared of them; Bullying; Violent; Crime; Wa 0 5 No common ground: Different traditions; religions; cultures 0 6 Language barriers: Do not speak the same language; Communic 0 7 Negative prior experiences 0 8 Nothing prevents me [DNR]: I can communicate with anyone; D 0 9 Do not like racist people: Racism; They hate black; white p 0 10 Discrimination: When they discriminate; Judgemental; Prejud 0 11 They look down at us: Think they are better; do not want to 0 12 No respect: Disrespect; Lack of respect 0 13 Not trustworthy: Do not trust them; not honest; Corrupt 0 14 Rudeness: Bad treatment; Abusive 0 15 Criminals: Kill people; Drug dealers; Always fight; Abuse k 0 16 Arrogance: Attitude 0 17 Undermine others 1 18 Apartheid: They killed us; stole our land; our dignity; The 0 19 Hatred: Between races; hate crimes; Do not like us 0 20 No faith: Do not have faith in me 0 21 Selfish: Treat us unfairly; Greed 1 22 Privilege: They were born wealthy; we cannot relate; we lac 0 23 Foreigners: Foreign nationalists; Chinese; Asian 0 24 Other 0 25 Do not know: Nothing to say; no reason; No comment; Refuse; 0 Q36_A The Constitution requires the government to protect the rights of all citizens. My mother tongue language gets the respect it deserves in South Africa today. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 115 2 Disagree 238 3 Neither agree nor disagree 299 4 Agree 798 5 Strongly agree 504 997 Not applicable 24 998 Refused 3 999 Do not know 25 Q36_B The Constitution requires the government to protect the rights of all citizens. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: My religious group gets the respect it deserves in South Africa today. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 84 2 Disagree 212 3 Neither agree nor disagree 314 4 Agree 857 5 Strongly agree 461 997 Not applicable 50 998 Refused 6 999 Do not know 22 Q36_C The Constitution requires the government to protect the rights of all citizens. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements: My cultural group gets the respect it deserves in South Africa today. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 98 2 Disagree 248 3 Neither agree nor disagree 351 4 Agree 800 5 Strongly agree 452 997 Not applicable 41 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 12 Q37_A Thinking about the future, over the NEXT 5 years do you think each of the following will get a lot worse, get a little worse, stay about the same, get a little better or get a lot better? Respect for your mother tongue language 2006 0 1 Get a lot worse 159 2 Get a little worse 233 3 Stay about the same 719 4 Get a little better 487 5 Get a lot better 370 997 Not applicable 10 998 Refused 4 999 Do not know 24 Q37_B Thinking about the future, over the NEXT 5 years do you think each of the following will get a lot worse, get a little worse, stay about the same, get a little better or get a lot better? Respect for your religious group 2006 0 1 Get a lot worse 146 2 Get a little worse 209 3 Stay about the same 772 4 Get a little better 464 5 Get a lot better 337 997 Not applicable 41 998 Refused 1 999 Do not know 36 Q37_C Thinking about the future, over the NEXT 5 years do you think each of the following will get a lot worse, get a little worse, stay about the same, get a little better or get a lot better? Respect for your cultural group 2006 0 1 Get a lot worse 148 2 Get a little worse 216 3 Stay about the same 751 4 Get a little better 481 5 Get a lot better 343 997 Not applicable 33 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 26 Q38_A Please indicate whether you strongly agree, agree, neither disagree nor agree, disagree or strongly disagree. In our country today, people of different genders: Have equal opportunities to earn an income in some way 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 217 2 Disagree 364 3 Neither agree nor disagree 271 4 Agree 753 5 Strongly agree 387 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 5 Q38_B Please indicate whether you strongly agree, agree, neither disagree nor agree, disagree or strongly disagree. In our country today, people of different genders: Enjoy the same protection under the law 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 179 2 Disagree 364 3 Neither agree nor disagree 299 4 Agree 762 5 Strongly agree 387 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 4 Q38_C Please indicate whether you strongly agree, agree, neither disagree nor agree, disagree or strongly disagree. In our country today, people of different genders: Have the same rights 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 184 2 Disagree 331 3 Neither agree nor disagree 280 4 Agree 790 5 Strongly agree 408 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 4 Q39_A In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? You are treated with less courtesy or respect than other people. 2006 0 1 Never 1034 2 Rarely 265 3 Sometimes 376 4 Often 190 5 Always 112 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 19 Q39_B In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? You receive poorer service than other people in commercial and retail places (such as shops and malls). 2006 0 1 Never 1036 2 Rarely 273 3 Sometimes 390 4 Often 187 5 Always 95 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 12 Q39_C In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? You receive poorer service than other people in public places, such as government offices and clinics. 2006 0 1 Never 979 2 Rarely 237 3 Sometimes 411 4 Often 224 5 Always 137 998 Refused 8 999 Do not know 10 Q39_D In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? People act as if they think you are not smart. 2006 0 1 Never 1047 2 Rarely 263 3 Sometimes 360 4 Often 170 5 Always 115 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 41 Q39_E In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? People act as if they are afraid of you. 2006 0 1 Never 1216 2 Rarely 217 3 Sometimes 269 4 Often 143 5 Always 106 998 Refused 16 999 Do not know 39 Q39_F In your day-to-day life, how often have any of the following things happened to you? You are threatened or harassed. 2006 0 1 Never 1262 2 Rarely 222 3 Sometimes 261 4 Often 126 5 Always 105 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 13 Q40_1 If any of the previously mentioned experiences have happened to you, what do you think was the main reason that these experiences happened to you? Coded response 1 2006 0 1 25 1 Other 57 2 I have never had these experiences 931 3 No specific reasons given; unclear; Do not want to talk abo 80 4 Do not know 55 5 Bad treatment at government - especially clinics; no intere 176 6 Corruption; Nepotism; Lack of service delivery by governmen 32 7 Disrespect; No manners; Lack of respect; Rude without a rea 128 8 Race; Nationality 264 9 Language 14 10 Age 26 11 Gender 20 12 Education level; Knowledge; Think I am stupid; They think t 27 13 Financial status; being poor; low standard of living; being 45 14 Working status; Unemployment; The work I do 9 15 My appearance - not specified; Way I dress; Disability 22 16 Discrimination (not specified); Inequality; Unfairness; Wil 16 17 Cruelty; jealousy; they feel intimidated; being undermined 17 18 I am always friendly; respectful; Walk away from such a sit 14 19 I am a serious person; I stand up for myself; Have strong v 12 20 Because I am a quiet person; Introvert; Do not socialize 8 21 Violence; Level of Crime; Stealing from me 23 22 Others think they are better than you 6 23 It should be reported; Will report it 10 24 Religion; culture; Because of my lifestyle choices; gamblin 11 25 The political party I support; political 3 Q40_2 If any of the previously mentioned experiences have happened to you, what do you think was the main reason that these experiences happened to you? Coded response 2 618 1388 1 Other 0 2 I have never had these experiences 0 3 No specific reasons given; unclear; Do not want to talk abo 2 4 Do not know 8 5 Bad treatment at government - especially clinics; no intere 17 6 Corruption; Nepotism; Lack of service delivery by governmen 20 7 Disrespect; No manners; Lack of respect; Rude without a rea 78 8 Race; Nationality 74 9 Language 38 10 Age 20 11 Gender 16 12 Education level; Knowledge; Think I am stupid; They think t 24 13 Financial status; being poor; low standard of living; being 67 14 Working status; Unemployment; The work I do 17 15 My appearance - not specified; Way I dress; Disability 30 16 Discrimination (not specified); Inequality; Unfairness; Wil 39 17 Cruelty; jealousy; they feel intimidated; being undermined 26 18 I am always friendly; respectful; Walk away from such a sit 30 19 I am a serious person; I stand up for myself; Have strong v 32 20 Because I am a quiet person; Introvert; Do not socialize 14 21 Violence; Level of Crime; Stealing from me 13 22 Others think they are better than you 21 23 It should be reported; Will report it 9 24 Religion; culture; Because of my lifestyle choices; gamblin 15 25 The political party I support; political 8 Sysmiss 1388 Q40_3 If any of the previously mentioned experiences have happened to you, what do you think was the main reason that these experiences happened to you? Coded response 3 106 1900 1 Other 0 2 I have never had these experiences 0 3 No specific reasons given; unclear; Do not want to talk abo 0 4 Do not know 0 5 Bad treatment at government - especially clinics; no intere 0 6 Corruption; Nepotism; Lack of service delivery by governmen 0 7 Disrespect; No manners; Lack of respect; Rude without a rea 0 8 Race; Nationality 14 9 Language 5 10 Age 9 11 Gender 5 12 Education level; Knowledge; Think I am stupid; They think t 9 13 Financial status; being poor; low standard of living; being 11 14 Working status; Unemployment; The work I do 3 15 My appearance - not specified; Way I dress; Disability 4 16 Discrimination (not specified); Inequality; Unfairness; Wil 10 17 Cruelty; jealousy; they feel intimidated; being undermined 12 18 I am always friendly; respectful; Walk away from such a sit 2 19 I am a serious person; I stand up for myself; Have strong v 2 20 Because I am a quiet person; Introvert; Do not socialize 3 21 Violence; Level of Crime; Stealing from me 6 22 Others think they are better than you 6 23 It should be reported; Will report it 3 24 Religion; culture; Because of my lifestyle choices; gamblin 2 25 The political party I support; political 0 Sysmiss 1900 Q40_4 If any of the previously mentioned experiences have happened to you, what do you think was the main reason that these experiences happened to you? Coded response 4 19 1987 11 24 1 Other 0 2 I have never had these experiences 0 3 No specific reasons given; unclear; Do not want to talk abo 0 4 Do not know 0 5 Bad treatment at government - especially clinics; no intere 0 6 Corruption; Nepotism; Lack of service delivery by governmen 0 7 Disrespect; No manners; Lack of respect; Rude without a rea 0 8 Race; Nationality 0 9 Language 0 10 Age 0 11 Gender 1 12 Education level; Knowledge; Think I am stupid; They think t 0 13 Financial status; being poor; low standard of living; being 3 14 Working status; Unemployment; The work I do 1 15 My appearance - not specified; Way I dress; Disability 1 16 Discrimination (not specified); Inequality; Unfairness; Wil 0 17 Cruelty; jealousy; they feel intimidated; being undermined 2 18 I am always friendly; respectful; Walk away from such a sit 0 19 I am a serious person; I stand up for myself; Have strong v 0 20 Because I am a quiet person; Introvert; Do not socialize 2 21 Violence; Level of Crime; Stealing from me 5 22 Others think they are better than you 1 23 It should be reported; Will report it 1 24 Religion; culture; Because of my lifestyle choices; gamblin 2 25 The political party I support; political 0 Q41_A To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about LGBT people in South Africa? LGBT people deserve the same human rights as all South Africans. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 74 2 Disagree 166 3 Neither agree nor disagree 196 4 Agree 906 5 Strongly agree 604 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 35 999 Do not know 25 Q41_B To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about LGBT people in South Africa? Same-sex couples are just as likely as other parents to successfully raise children. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 161 2 Disagree 242 3 Neither agree nor disagree 284 4 Agree 779 5 Strongly agree 479 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 26 999 Do not know 35 Q41_C To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about LGBT people in South Africa? I would accept a family member in a same-sex relationship. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 128 2 Disagree 213 3 Neither agree nor disagree 291 4 Agree 835 5 Strongly agree 494 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 24 999 Do not know 21 Q41_D To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about LGBT people in South Africa? LGBT people are accepted in my culture and tradition. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 200 2 Disagree 279 3 Neither agree nor disagree 295 4 Agree 767 5 Strongly agree 384 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 34 999 Do not know 47 Q41_E To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about LGBT people in South Africa? Schools should teach learners about issues of gender and sexual orientation. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 104 2 Disagree 164 3 Neither agree nor disagree 234 4 Agree 849 5 Strongly agree 616 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 18 Q42_A People sometimes talk about the divisions between people in South Africa. What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today? 2006 0 1 The division between supporters of different political part 324 2 The division between the rich and the poor 661 3 The division between those living with infectious diseases 204 4 The division between South Africans of different race group 278 5 The division between South Africans of different language g 114 6 The division between South Africans of different genders 75 7 The division between South African citizens and migrants fr 147 8 None (there are no divisions) 152 996 Other 3 998 Refused 21 999 Do not know 27 Q42_A_Other People sometimes talk about the divisions between people in South Africa. What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today? Other 3 0 Economic freedom access is not fair 1 1 Same religion 1 Q42_B Apart from this one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today? 1806 200 1 The division between supporters of different political part 209 2 The division between the rich and the poor 351 3 The division between those living with infectious diseases 116 4 The division between South Africans of different race group 408 5 The division between South Africans of different language g 262 6 The division between South Africans of different genders 174 7 The division between South African citizens and migrants fr 223 8 None (there are no divisions) 49 996 Other 3 998 Refused 2 999 Do not know 9 Sysmiss 200 Q42_B_Other Apart from this one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today? Other 3 0 1 1 1 Q43 In your opinion, how united or divided are the people of South Africa today? Are they: 2006 0 1 Very united 178 2 Somewhat united 388 3 Neither united nor divided 444 4 Somewhat divided 460 5 Very divided 502 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 21 Q44_A What, if anything, does ‘reconciliation’ mean to you? 2006 0 1 Nothing – it has no meaning 253 2 Peace – the reduction of violence and establishment of pe 387 3 Relationships – improving relationships between past enem 267 4 Justice – redressing injustice | creating a more equal so 239 5 Making amends – past perpetrators taking responsibility f 173 6 Retribution – past perpetrators punished for their action 56 7 Forgiveness – past victims forgiving past perpetrator 249 8 Democracy – building a democratic culture 87 9 Truth – establishing the truth of the past 53 10 Memorialisation – remembering the past 12 11 Race relations – addressing racism 30 12 Compromise – two sides make compromises 17 13 Dialogue – finding ways to talk about the past 6 14 Respect – respecting people s humanity 41 15 Moving on – moving forward from the past 84 996 Other 4 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 41 Q44_A_Other What, if anything, does ‘reconciliation’ mean to you? Other 4 0 Excitement 1 Fair and free individuals 1 Peace and forgiveness 1 Third person that comes in to make piece 1 Q44_B What else? 1705 301 1 Nothing – it has no meaning 29 2 Peace – the reduction of violence and establishment of pe 215 3 Relationships – improving relationships between past enem 141 4 Justice – redressing injustice | creating a more equal so 213 5 Making amends – past perpetrators taking responsibility f 157 6 Retribution – past perpetrators punished for their action 58 7 Forgiveness – past victims forgiving past perpetrator 280 8 Democracy – building a democratic culture 119 9 Truth – establishing the truth of the past 120 10 Memorialisation – remembering the past 24 11 Race relations – addressing racism 65 12 Compromise – two sides make compromises 52 13 Dialogue – finding ways to talk about the past 41 14 Respect – respecting people s humanity 91 15 Moving on – moving forward from the past 92 996 Other 2 998 Refused 0 999 Do not know 6 Sysmiss 301 Q44_B_Other What else? Other 2 0 Equality between all 1 Thinking before acting 1 Q45_A Please say how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about reconciliation. South Africans have made progress in reconciliation since the end of apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 149 2 Disagree 285 3 Neither agree nor disagree 366 4 Agree 761 5 Strongly agree 374 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 23 999 Do not know 48 Q45_B Please say how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about reconciliation. My friends and family have experienced reconciliation after the end of apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 174 2 Disagree 313 3 Neither agree nor disagree 392 4 Agree 707 5 Strongly agree 311 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 24 999 Do not know 85 Q45_C Please say how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about reconciliation. I believe the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) provided a good foundation for South Africa to achieve reconciliation. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 153 2 Disagree 188 3 Neither agree nor disagree 382 4 Agree 829 5 Strongly agree 371 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 23 999 Do not know 60 Q45_D Please say how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about reconciliation. South Africans still need reconciliation. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 89 2 Disagree 126 3 Neither agree nor disagree 310 4 Agree 828 5 Strongly agree 597 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 42 Q45_E Please say how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about reconciliation. Reconciliation is likely to increase in the coming years. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 120 2 Disagree 251 3 Neither agree nor disagree 428 4 Agree 740 5 Strongly agree 361 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 91 Q46_A In your opinion, what is the biggest barrier to reconciliation in South Africa? 2006 0 1 Poverty and economic inequality 635 2 Gender based violence 188 3 Racism 466 4 Divisions between supporters of different political parties 172 5 Corruption 365 6 Using race categories to measure transformation 101 7 None (there are no barriers) 47 996 Other (Specify): 3 998 Refused 6 999 Do not Know 23 Q46_A_Other In your opinion, what is the biggest barrier to reconciliation in South Africa? Other 3 0 Education 1 Self importance 1 Unemployment 1 Q46_B And the second biggest barrier to reconciliation? 1930 76 1 Poverty and economic inequality 359 2 Gender based violence 186 3 Racism 382 4 Divisions between supporters of different political parties 188 5 Corruption 574 6 Using race categories to measure transformation 202 7 None (there are no barriers) 27 996 Other (Specify): 2 998 Refused 4 999 Do not Know 6 Sysmiss 76 Q46_B_Other And the second biggest barrier to reconciliation? Other 2 0 Lies and no confessions 1 We undermine one another 1 Q47_A There are many ways we can acknowledge and remember the past. Teaching children about South Africa’s history of colonialism and apartheid in schools. 2006 0 1 Strongly oppose 113 2 Oppose 218 3 Neither oppose nor support 317 4 Support 744 5 Strongly support 592 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 11 Q47_B There are many ways we can acknowledge and remember the past. Renaming cities, streets and other public places to reflect the values of democratic South Africa. 2006 0 1 Strongly oppose 253 2 Oppose 319 3 Neither oppose nor support 356 4 Support 643 5 Strongly support 410 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 16 Q47_C There are many ways we can acknowledge and remember the past. Removing memorials and other symbols of colonialism and apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly oppose 234 2 Oppose 332 3 Neither oppose nor support 390 4 Support 615 5 Strongly support 392 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 32 Q48_A How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following. I think it is fair that the people who discriminated against others during apartheid feel what it is like to be discriminated against. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 235 2 Disagree 324 3 Neither agree nor disagree 377 4 Agree 672 5 Strongly agree 366 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 22 Q48_B How much do you agree or disagree with each of the following. It is still important for the government to provide support to people who were victims of human rights abuses under apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 111 2 Disagree 149 3 Neither agree nor disagree 306 4 Agree 880 5 Strongly agree 526 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 23 Q49_A How much do you agree or disagree with the following? Black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) should be repaid in some way for colonialism and apartheid, through money or land. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 150 2 Disagree 231 3 Neither agree nor disagree 324 4 Agree 744 5 Strongly agree 502 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 38 Q49_B How much do you agree or disagree with the following? It is essential that all white South Africans take action for repairing the damages of the past. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 190 2 Disagree 217 3 Neither agree nor disagree 347 4 Agree 711 5 Strongly agree 490 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 34 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 178 2 Disagree 268 3 Neither agree nor disagree 371 4 Agree 644 5 Strongly agree 482 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 25 999 Do not know 38 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 185 2 Disagree 216 3 Neither agree nor disagree 330 4 Agree 704 5 Strongly agree 504 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 24 999 Do not know 43 Q49_E How much do you agree or disagree with the following? Wealthy people should pay an additional tax to fund compensation for black South Africans. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 197 2 Disagree 336 3 Neither agree nor disagree 344 4 Agree 591 5 Strongly agree 477 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 19 999 Do not know 42 Q50_A Based on what you know and you have heard, how much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? I am trying to forgive those who hurt me and my family during apartheid. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 100 2 Disagree 124 3 Neither agree nor disagree 323 4 Agree 931 5 Strongly agree 464 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 22 999 Do not know 42 Q50_B Based on what you know and you have heard, how much do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? South Africans should try to forget about apartheid and just move forward together as a country. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 78 2 Disagree 192 3 Neither agree nor disagree 280 4 Agree 851 5 Strongly agree 572 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 19 Q51 Who do you think should take the greatest responsibility for ensuring reconciliation in South Africa? 2006 0 1 Only those oppressed during apartheid 109 2 Mostly those oppressed during apartheid 229 3 Both those who were oppressed and who benefitted from apart 927 4 Mostly those who benefitted from apartheid 372 5 Only those who benefitted from apartheid 209 998 Refused 38 999 Do not know 122 Q52_A How important are the roles of each of the following institutions? National government and elected representatives – like MPs and local councillors 2006 0 1 Not important 114 2 A little important 172 3 Somewhat important 444 4 Quite important 505 5 Very important 723 998 Refused 9 999 Do not know 39 Q52_B How important are the roles of each of the following institutions? Civil society organisations and community organisations 2006 0 1 Not important 54 2 A little important 153 3 Somewhat important 477 4 Quite important 610 5 Very important 676 998 Refused 10 999 Do not know 26 Q52_C How important are the roles of each of the following institutions? Business 2006 0 1 Not important 47 2 A little important 156 3 Somewhat important 386 4 Quite important 569 5 Very important 804 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 31 Q52_D How important are the roles of each of the following institutions? Religious and faith-based organisations 2006 0 1 Not important 51 2 A little important 151 3 Somewhat important 367 4 Quite important 627 5 Very important 782 998 Refused 13 999 Do not know 15 Q52_E How important are the roles of each of the following institutions? You and your family and friends 2006 0 1 Not important 24 2 A little important 145 3 Somewhat important 387 4 Quite important 553 5 Very important 859 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 27 Q53_A How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the situation in the country after the Covid-19 pandemic? South Africa emerged from the pandemic stronger than it was before. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 244 2 Disagree 324 3 Neither agree nor disagree 361 4 Agree 734 5 Strongly agree 314 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 7 999 Do not know 22 Q53_B How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the situation in the country after the Covid-19 pandemic? South Africans are more united after the pandemic. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 216 2 Disagree 396 3 Neither agree nor disagree 350 4 Agree 687 5 Strongly agree 318 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 14 999 Do not know 25 Q53_C How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements about the situation in the country after the Covid-19 pandemic? South Africa has become a more caring society after the pandemic. 2006 0 1 Strongly disagree 203 2 Disagree 331 3 Neither agree nor disagree 355 4 Agree 697 5 Strongly agree 390 997 Not applicable 0 998 Refused 12 999 Do not know 18 Q54_A The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Personal financial situation 2006 0 1 Much worse 384 2 Worse 456 3 The same 514 4 Better 382 5 Much better 232 998 Refused 17 999 Do not know 21 Q54_B The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Employment situation 2006 0 1 Much worse 541 2 Worse 421 3 The same 452 4 Better 340 5 Much better 216 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 25 Q54_C The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Health and well-being 2006 0 1 Much worse 227 2 Worse 362 3 The same 629 4 Better 487 5 Much better 264 998 Refused 11 999 Do not know 26 Q54_D The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Family life 2006 0 1 Much worse 216 2 Worse 337 3 The same 613 4 Better 492 5 Much better 314 998 Refused 15 999 Do not know 19 Q54_E The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Social life 2006 0 1 Much worse 207 2 Worse 380 3 The same 616 4 Better 472 5 Much better 296 998 Refused 18 999 Do not know 17 Q54_F The COVID pandemic and State of Disaster affected many people’s lives in different ways. Hope for the future 2006 0 1 Much worse 316 2 Worse 369 3 The same 514 4 Better 489 5 Much better 271 998 Refused 19 999 Do not know 28 Q55 How likely are you to vote in the 2024 elections? Is it: 2006 0 1 Very unlikely 132 2 Unlikely 89 3 Unsure 326 4 Likely 559 5 Very likely 820 998 Refused 22 999 Do not know 58 Q56 Many people feel close to a particular political party over a long period of time, although they might occasionally vote for a different political party. At present, which political party do you feel close with? 2006 0 1 Action SA 20 2 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 20 3 African Independent Congress (AIC) 15 4 African National Congress (ANC) 583 5 African Transformation Movement (ATM) 12 6 Al Jama-ah 7 7 Congress of the People (COPE) 15 8 Democratic Alliance (DA) 426 9 Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 261 10 Freedom Front Plus | Vryheidsfront Plus (VF+) 19 11 GOOD 9 12 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 57 13 National Freedom Party (NFP) 7 14 Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 6 15 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 7 16 Do not feel close to a political party 252 996 Other 62 998 Refused 134 999 Do not know 94 Q56_1 Many people feel close to a particular political party over a long period of time, although they might occasionally vote for a different political party. At present, which political party do you feel close with? Other 58 1948 1 Other answers 2 2 Patriotic Alliance (PA) 5 3 Other Political Party mentioned 3 4 Confidential; my secret 15 5 Undecided 22 6 Not voting 11 Sysmiss 1948 IJR Barometer 2023 Population Weight 2006 0 10.155 168665.104 20204.994 21133.734