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    Home / Data Portal / ORD / ZMB-MSU-ZGP-1993-1996-V1 / variable [F2]
ORD

Zambia Governance Project 1993-1996

Zambia, 1993 - 1996
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Reference ID
zmb-msu-zgp-1993-1996-v1
Producer(s)
Department of Political Science of Political Science
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Created on
Mar 23, 2015
Last modified
Apr 29, 2020
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  • zgp-1993
  • zgp-1996

[if unfair] in what way(s) were the elections unfair? (howfair)

Data file: zgp-1996

Overview

Valid: 0
Invalid: 0
Type: Discrete
Decimal: 0
loc_start_pos: 272
loc_end_pos: 273
Width: 2
Range: -9 - 11
Format: Numeric

Questions and instructions

Categories
Value Category
-9 missing/n.a.
1 voter registration was flawed (nikuv)
2 kaunda barred/unip could not field candidates
3 ruling party used state resources to campaign
4 ruling party had unfair access to the media
5 dirty tricks. some candidates misinformed voters
6 vote buying. candidate/party distributed money and goods
7 voters were intimidated/pressured to vote
8 voter fraud (e.g., "ghost" voters, double voting, etc.)
9 vote rigging (e.g., votes weren't counted properly, etc.)
10 other (e.g., campaign/polling period too short, low turnout)
11 no specific reason given
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
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