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    <titlStmt>
      <titl>Living Off-Grid Infrastructure Collaboration 2021-2023, Bengaluru [Reports]</titl>
      <parTitl>LOGIC 2021-2023, Bengaluru</parTitl>
      <IDNo>india-iihs-logicb-2021-2023-v1</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <rspStmt>
      <AuthEnty>Institute of Development Studies (IDS)</AuthEnty>
      <AuthEnty> The Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS)</AuthEnty>
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      <fundAg abbr="ESRC" role="Funding agency">Economic and Social Research Council</fundAg>
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      <version date="2026-11">v1: Edited, anonymised data for public distribution</version>
      <notes><![CDATA[Confidentiality and data quality issues prevents us from publishing the raw data. We are publishing these reports only because they are companion studies to the project's micro-datasets, the LOGIC studies, which we do share. ]]></notes>
    </verStmt>
    <biblCit><![CDATA[Living Off-Grid Food and Infrastructure Collaboration 2021-2023, Bengaluru  [reports]. Version 1. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies; Bengaluru: The Indian Institute for Human Settlements [producers], 2026. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2026. DOI: ]]></biblCit>
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    <subject>
                  
                  
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    <abstract><![CDATA[The Living Off-Grid Food and Infrastructure Collaboration (LOGIC) is a multi-country, multi-institution research collaboration led by the Institute of Development Studies, UK, and including experts in urban research from Africa and Asia. Partners are the African Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town, the University of Ghana, the Indian Institute for Human Settlements, and the Colombo Urban Lab in Sri Lanka. The LOGIC research is designed to help improve the lives of the poorest residents of cities in Africa and Asia by focusing on how they are meeting their basic needs and accessing infrastructure, particularly when they are living 'off-grid'. The project covers five main types of infrastructure - water, sanitation, energy, transport, and communications. The research focuses on one important way of understanding whether and how basic needs are being met: access to and the availability of sufficient, diverse, and nutritious diets. The LOGIC team studied the social and material systems that drive food and infrastructure access across five cities, three in Africa (Tamale, Ghana; Mossel Bay, South Africa; Harare, Zimbabwe) and two in Asia (Bengaluru, India; Colombo, Sri Lanka). The LOGIC project is funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). More information can be found on the LOGIC website https://www.ids.ac.uk/projects/rethinking-the-off-grid-city/]]></abstract>
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      <collDate date="2021-11" event="start" cycle="Community KII interviews"/>
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      <collDate date="2023" event="start" cycle="Household  interviews"/>
      <collDate date="2023" event="end" cycle="Household  interviews"/>
      <nation abbr="gha">Ghana</nation>
      <geogCover>The data covers the metropolitan area of Bengaluru, India.</geogCover>
      <geogUnit>The lowest level of geographic aggregation is the metro for household and individual-level data, and suburb for community-level data</geogUnit>
      <anlyUnit><![CDATA[Communities, households and individuals]]></anlyUnit>
      <universe><![CDATA[The universe of the study was households in Bengaluru, India.]]></universe>
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    <dataColl>
      <timeMeth>Cross-section [cross section]</timeMeth>
      <dataCollector abbr="IIHS" role="Data collection"> The Indian Institute for Human Settlements</dataCollector>
      <collMode>Face-to-face computer-assisted interviews [CAPI]</collMode>
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