South African Reconciliation Barometer 2003-2011 ddi-zaf-ijr-sarb-2003-2011-v1.1 DataFirst 2025-02-06 Nesstar Publisher Version 1 South African Reconciliation Barometer 2019 Round 16 SARB 2019 zaf-ijr-sarb-2019-v1 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation Nesstar Publisher Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency DataFirst Support Public Opinion Survey Version 1: Edited, anonymised data for public distribution Version 1 of the data from SARB 2019 (Round 16) was received by DataFirst from the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) in 2024. The South African Reconciliation Barometer is a time series public opinion survey that measures South African's attitudes towards reconciliation. Barometer surveys were conducted in 2003 (Rounds 1-2) and 2004 (Rounds 3- 4 (2 rounds per year); 2005 - 2013 (Rounds 5-13) (one round per year); and 2015 - 2023 (Rounds 14 to 18) (one round every 2nd year). The merged 2003-2015 dataset is made available by DataFirst, as well as separate datasets for 2017 (Round 15), 2019 (Round 16), 2021 (Round 17), and 2023 (Round 18). South Africa The lowest level of geographic aggregation of the data is Province. Individuals The survey covered all persons over 16 years of age living in multimember households. Individuals in informal settlements were also included in the sampling frame. Domestic workers and hostel dwellers were excluded from the sample. Survey data The SARB survey collected data on the respondent's race, education level, employment status, and income. The survey also collected data on their racial attitudes, opinions of government and government performance, their dependence on public services and opinions of service delivery, and their intertemporal perceptions of happiness and well-being. Ipsos-Markinor Face-to-face Each round of the SARB survey used a separate questionnaire and questionnaires changed between rounds. Sometimes changes were only to accommodate rewording but in some cases questions were removed or re-introduced. In recent rounds the goal of the IJR was to include 5-10% of questions on 'topical' issues, e.g., questions on Covid in 2021. DataFirst Institute for Justice and Reconciliation. South African Reconciliation Barometer 2019, Round 16 [dataset]. Cape Town: IJR [producer], 2024. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25828/JRMF-6J25 Public access data for use under a Creative Commons CC-BY (Attribution-only) License sarb-2019-r16.NSDstat 2400 370 Nesstar 200801 ******************COMPUTED FACTOR MEASUREMENT SCALES********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Lived Poverty Index: higher scores mean greater experienced poverty 2397 3 1 4.667 1.716 0.779 Household Conditions Compared to Other Households Scale: higher scores means HH is doing much better 2224 176 1 5 3.095 0.873 Financial Conditions Compared to Other Households Scale: higher scores means HH is doing much better 2271 129 1 5 2.995 0.907 Political Efficacy Scale: higher scores mean greater political efficacy 2388 12 1 5 2.633 0.896 Voting Efficacy Scale: higher scores mean greater political efficacy 2335 65 1 5 2.373 1.042 Populism Scale: Higher scores mean great adherence to populist beliefs 2377 23 1 5 4.003 0.588 Political Participation 1 Scale: Higher scores mean more political participation (Q7a, Q7b, Q7d) 2400 0 1 6 2.335 1.095 Political Participation 2 Scale: Higher scores mean more political participation (Q7c, Q7e, Q7f, Q7g, Q7i) 2400 0 1 5.8 1.554 0.659 Media Use Scale: Higher scores mean greater use of media sources 2342 58 1 5 3.054 0.922 Media Trust Scale: Higher scores mean greater trust of media sources 2313 87 1 5 3.153 0.877 Social Media 1 Scale: Higher scores mean greater disapproval og government regulation of social media (Q12b, Q12c, Q12d) 2282 118 1 5 2.701 1.095 Social Media 1 Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in social media as voice of accountability for ordinary people (Q12a, Q12g, Q12h) 2141 259 1 5 3.665 0.84 Interpersonal trust Scale: Higher scores mean more trust in neighbours, family and colleagues 2099 301 1 5 3.451 0.848 Social trust Scale: Higher scores mean more trust of people of other social groups 2275 125 1 5 2.815 0.875 Rule of Law Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in rule of law 2346 54 1 5 3.746 0.697 Corruption Scale: Higher scores mean stronger belief that corruption is rampant with impunity for offenders 2319 81 1 5 4.17 0.726 Apartheid Views Scale: Higher scores mean stronger agreement on apartheid as violation of human rights 2249 151 1 5 4.032 0.806 Apartheid Legacy Scale: Higher scores mean greater agreement that current society still impacted by apartheid legacy 2276 124 1 5 3.946 0.848 Rights Respect Scale; Higher scores mean stronger belief that rights will be respected 2184 216 1 5 3.046 0.974 Gender Rights: Higher scores mean greater belief that legal gender parity exists in SA 2400 0 1 5 3.322 0.982 Civil Rights Scale: Higher scores mean greater support for these civil rights 2245 155 1 5 2.343 1.086 Individual Esteem Scale: Higher scores mean greater personal efficacy and esteem 2358 42 1 5 3.439 0.88 Group Esteem Scale: Higher scores mean greater esteem derived from own social group 1973 427 1 5.333 3.944 0.791 SA Identity Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in South African identity over social group identity 2333 67 1 5 4 0.653 Reconciliation Progress Scale: Higher scores mean greater reconciliation progress and positive impact 2167 233 1 5 3.465 0.794 Reconciliation Actors Scale: Higher scores mean greater importance for actors in national reconciliation 2296 104 1 5 4.031 0.738 Workforce Diversity Scale: Higher scores mean greater belief in workforce diversity 2313 87 1 5 3.918 0.756 Interracial Interaction Scale: Higher scores mean more frequent interracial interaction 2340 60 1 5 2.613 0.949 Racism Daily Scale: Higher scores mean more frequent experiences of daily racism 2322 78 1 5 2.128 1.011 Personal Safety Scale: Higher scores mean greater perceived safety 2331 69 1 4 2.635 0.808 Change Since 1994 Scale: Higher scores mean greater improvement since 1994 2328 72 1 5 2.745 0.979 Xenophobia Scale: Higher scores mean greater xenophobic beliefs 2287 113 1 5 3.004 1.055 Rule of Law Scale 5 Point Only 2346 54 1 19 2 100 3 627 4 1318 5 282 Sysmiss 54 Radical Reformers vs Muddlers vs Constitutional Transformers 2346 54 1 Radical Reformers 122 2 Muddlers 405 3 Constitutional Transformers 1819 0 54 Game Changers Final 2346 54 1 Radical Reformers 119 2 Muddlers 627 3 Constitutional Transformers 1600 0 54 *************CONTROL VARIABLES****************** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 INTNR - Respondent ID 2400 0 4 2493 1255.704 716.355 Household Weight 2400 0 114.418 177407.839 17950.532 20104.335 Benchmark Weight Person [weighted to Mid-Year 2019 Estimates - Prov/Race/Gender/AgeGrp] 2400 0 245.365 84155.039 16283.223 14963.696 **********DEMOGRAPHICS********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 LSM 2014 (LSM 1 to LSM 10) 2400 0 1 LSM 1 0 2 LSM 2 7 3 LSM 3 28 4 LSM 4 157 5 LSM 5 352 6 LSM 6 740 7 LSM 7 347 8 LSM 8 254 9 LSM 9 292 10 LSM 10 223 SEM (SEM 1 to SEM 10) 2400 0 1 SEM 1 (0-10) 114 2 SEM 2 (11-20) 202 3 SEM 3 (21-30) 193 4 SEM 4 (31-40) 236 5 SEM 5 (41-50) 272 6 SEM 6 (51-60) 265 7 SEM 7 (61-70) 275 8 SEM 8 (71-80) 248 9 SEM 9 (81-90) 254 10 SEM 10 (91-100) 341 Q55 - Which if these best describes your total monthly household income before tax and deductions? 1729 671 1 No income 14 2 R1-R999 56 3 R1000-R1999 110 4 R2000-R2999 139 5 R3000-R5999 307 6 R6000-R7999 230 7 R8000-R9999 180 8 R10 000 – R11 999 143 9 R12 000 – R 16 999 133 10 R17 000 – R24 999 142 11 R 25 000 – 29 999 99 12 R30 000 – R39 999 82 13 R40 000 or more 94 14 Refuse to answer 559 15 Don't know 112 Q56 - Gender 2400 0 1 Male 1012 2 Female 1388 3 Other 0 Q57 - Race For statistical purposes I need to confirm which ethnic group you belong to. Is it...? 2400 0 1 Black 1482 2 White 366 3 Indian / Asian 159 4 Coloured 393 Province 2400 0 1 Western Cape 420 2 Eastern Cape 325 3 Free State 216 4 KwaZulu-Natal 433 5 Gauteng 539 6 Northern Cape 83 7 North West 126 8 Mpumalanga 126 9 Limpopo 132 Q1 - What is your age? (exact) 2400 0 18 91 40.191 14.112 Q1 - Age of respondent (age ranges) 2400 0 1 18-24 years 339 2 25-34 years 592 3 35-49 years 855 4 50-59 years 360 5 60+ 254 Q2 - Which language do you use most frequently at home? 2398 2 1 English 589 2 Afrikaans 397 3 Ndebele 20 4 isiXhosa 326 5 Sepedi 132 6 Sesotho 223 7 Setswana 200 8 Shangaan 37 9 Swazi 31 10 Venda 24 11 isiZulu 419 12 Other specify 2 2 0 Tswana 2 Q50 - What is the highest level of education that you have achieved? 2400 0 1 No schooling 4 2 Some primary school 40 3 Primary school completed (Grade 7 / Standard 5) 68 4 Some high / secondary school 605 5 Secondary / high school completed (Matric/ Grade 12/ Standar 1026 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a 310 7 Some University 129 8 University degree completed 177 9 Postgraduate degree completed 41 10 Other specify 0 Q51 - Which one of these best describes your working status? 2396 4 1 Work full-time or 30 hours a week or more for yourself or yo 839 2 Work full-time or 30 hours a week or more for a company or i 384 3 Work part-time or less than 30 hours a week for yourself or 88 4 Work part-time or less than 30 hours a week for a company or 101 5 Student or learner 175 6 Housewife or house husband 118 7 Pensioner or retired 201 8 Unemployed and looking for a job 454 9 Unemployed and not looking for a job 36 10 Other specify 4 Q52 - What is your main occupation? 1973 427 1 Manager or senior official (e.g. company director, parliamen 110 2 Professional (e.g. doctor, lawyer, school – teacher, nurse 139 3 Technician 79 4 Supervisors 80 5 Clerk (e.g. secretary, office clerk) 163 6 Salesperson (e.g. cashier, shop salesperson) 153 7 Service worker (e.g. firefighter, police officer, security g 116 8 Skilled agricultural or fisheries worker (e.g. market garden 56 9 Artisan (e.g. plumber, electrician) 78 10 Machine operator and assemblers (e.g. truck drivers, taxi dr 89 11 Labourer (e.g. general worker, officer cleaner) 333 12 Domestic worker 121 13 Student 191 14 Housewife / house husband 265 15 Other specify 264 16 Don't know 163 Are you a citizen of South Africa… 2400 0 1 Yes 2400 2 No 0 Q51_other - Which one of these best describes your working status? 4 0 Doing piece jobs 1 Self Employed 1 Self employed 2 Q52_other - What is your main occupation? 264 0 Agent for house 1 Apprenticeships 1 Beautician 1 Broker 1 Building Contractor ...... 1 Call Centre Operator 1 Chef 2 Child minder 1 Cleaner 1 Community worker 1 Driver 4 Employed 1 1 Farm worker 1 Farmer 2 General worker 1 Hawker 1 I am not working at the moment 2 I never worked 1 I never worked before 1 Librarian.... 1 Looking for employment 1 Looking for work 2 Never worked 1 Never worked before 3 None 19 Not working house wife 1 Old age pensioner state pensioner 1 Own business 2 Own business taxi 1 Own store 1 Owner catering business.... 1 Pastor 1 Pensioner 17 Process controller 1 Property Sales Agent. 1 Refused 2 Restaurant 1 Retired 23 Seamstress - own business 1 Self employed 8 Selling clothes 1 Sells electricity and airtime 1 Sports Trainer 1 Till packer 1 U employed 1 Unemlpoyed 1 Unemployed 141 Widow 1 Work on a farm 1 *********QoL and FIN/ECO CONDITIONS************* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q3a - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough food to eat? 2398 2 1 Never 1573 2 Just once or twice 422 3 Several times 300 4 Many times 85 5 Always 18 6 Do not know 2 Q3b - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough clean water for home use? 2396 4 1 Never 1568 2 Just once or twice 354 3 Several times 299 4 Many times 128 5 Always 47 6 Do not know 4 Q3c - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without medicines or medical treatment? 2396 4 1 Never 1431 2 Just once or twice 453 3 Several times 341 4 Many times 120 5 Always 51 6 Do not know 4 Q3d - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without enough fuel to cook your food? 2386 14 1 Never 1569 2 Just once or twice 420 3 Several times 296 4 Many times 83 5 Always 18 6 Do not know 14 Q3e - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without a cash income? 2394 6 1 Never 1202 2 Just once or twice 467 3 Several times 432 4 Many times 212 5 Always 81 6 Do not know 6 Q3f - Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family .. Gone without electricity in your home (excluding load shedding?) 2399 1 1 Never 1258 2 Just once or twice 472 3 Several times 449 4 Many times 159 5 Always 61 6 Do not know 1 Q4a - In relation to the rest of the community where you live, your household conditions are .. 2321 79 1 Much worse 145 2 Worse 383 3 The same 1072 4 Better 549 5 Much better 172 6 79 Q4b - In relation to the rest of South Africa, your household conditions are.. 2280 120 1 Much worse 207 2 Worse 470 3 The same 916 4 Better 513 5 Much better 174 6 120 Q4c - In relation to your parents, your household conditions are .. 2336 64 1 Much worse 141 2 Worse 371 3 The same 952 4 Better 626 5 Much better 246 6 64 Q4d - How do these living conditions of you and your family compare to what they were like 2-3 years ago? 2374 26 1 Much worse 168 2 Worse 458 3 The same 921 4 Better 622 5 Much better 205 6 26 Q4e - How are these living conditions of you and your family likely to change in the 2-3 years? Will they get .. 2213 187 1 Much worse 151 2 Worse 393 3 The same 758 4 Better 644 5 Much better 267 6 187 Q5a - In relation to the rest of the community where you live, your financial situation is… 2244 156 1 Much worse 163 2 Worse 456 3 The same 939 4 Better 533 5 Much better 153 6 156 Q5b - In relation to the rest of South Africa, your financial situation is… 2249 151 1 Much worse 221 2 Worse 580 3 The same 810 4 Better 492 5 Much better 146 6 151 Q5c - In relation to your parents, your financial situation is… 2291 109 1 Much worse 170 2 Worse 497 3 The same 819 4 Better 598 5 Much better 207 6 109 Q5d - How does your financial situation and that of your family compare to what it was like 2-3 years ago? Is it…? 2342 58 1 Much worse 170 2 Worse 528 3 The same 859 4 Better 599 5 Much better 186 6 58 Q5e - How is your financial situation and that of your family likely to change in the 2-3 years? Will it get…? 2207 193 1 Much worse 145 2 Worse 433 3 The same 753 4 Better 639 5 Much better 237 6 193 *********POLITICAL EFFICACY AND TRUST************** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q6a Rec - You don't consider yourself well qualified to participate in issues affecting your country 2377 23 1 Strongly Agree 370 2 Agree 756 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 486 4 Disagree 547 5 Strongly Disagree 218 6 Do Not Know 23 Q6b Rec - You don't feel you have a good understanding of the important issues affecting our country 2376 24 1 Strongly Agree 357 2 Agree 778 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 462 4 Disagree 554 5 Strongly Disagree 225 6 Do Not Know 24 Q6c Rec - You don't think you are as well informed as most people about issues affecting our country 2386 14 1 Strongly Agree 433 2 Agree 849 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 475 4 Disagree 461 5 Strongly Disagree 168 6 Do Not Know 14 Q6d Rec - People like you dont have a say about what the political leaders and politicians do 2381 19 1 Strongly Agree 629 2 Agree 914 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 397 4 Disagree 288 5 Strongly Disagree 153 6 Do Not Know 19 Q6g Rec - Your vote does not make a difference 2364 36 1 Strongly Agree 633 2 Agree 699 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 405 4 Disagree 420 5 Strongly Disagree 207 6 Do Not Know 36 Q6h Rec - After being elected all parties are the same, so voting is pointless 2374 26 1 Strongly Agree 736 2 Agree 727 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 447 4 Disagree 344 5 Strongly Disagree 120 6 Do Not Know 26 Q6i Rec - Voting is meaningless because no politician can be trusted 2383 17 1 Strongly Agree 776 2 Agree 736 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 424 4 Disagree 302 5 Strongly Disagree 145 6 Do Not Know 17 Q6a - You don't consider yourself well qualified to participate in issues affecting your country 2377 23 1 Strongly disagree 218 2 Disagree 547 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 486 4 Agree 756 5 Strongly agree 370 6 Do not know 23 Q6b - You don't feel you have a good understanding of the important issues affecting our country 2376 24 1 Strongly disagree 225 2 Disagree 554 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 462 4 Agree 778 5 Strongly agree 357 6 Do not know 24 Q6c - You don't think you are as well informed as most people about issues affecting our country 2386 14 1 Strongly disagree 168 2 Disagree 461 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 475 4 Agree 849 5 Strongly agree 433 6 Do not know 14 Q6d - People like you dont have a say about what the political leaders and politicians do 2381 19 1 Strongly disagree 153 2 Disagree 288 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 397 4 Agree 914 5 Strongly agree 629 6 Do not know 19 Q6e - Generally speaking, those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with the people 2374 26 1 Strongly disagree 29 2 Disagree 95 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 342 4 Agree 867 5 Strongly agree 1041 6 Do not know 26 Q6f - You don't think that political leaders and politicians care much about what people like you think 2372 28 1 Strongly disagree 77 2 Disagree 138 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 380 4 Agree 909 5 Strongly agree 868 6 Do not know 28 Q6g - Your vote does not make a difference 2364 36 1 Strongly disagree 207 2 Disagree 420 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 405 4 Agree 699 5 Strongly agree 633 6 Do not know 36 Q6h - After being elected all parties are the same, so voting is pointless 2374 26 1 Strongly disagree 120 2 Disagree 344 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 447 4 Agree 727 5 Strongly agree 736 6 Do not know 26 Q6i - Voting is meaningless because no politician can be trusted 2383 17 1 Strongly disagree 145 2 Disagree 302 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 424 4 Agree 736 5 Strongly agree 776 6 Do not know 17 **********POPULISM SCALE********** 2377 23 1 2 1.14285714285714 1 1.42857142857143 1 1.57142857142857 1 1.66666666666667 1 1.71428571428571 2 1.85714285714286 1 2 2 2.14285714285714 2 2.28571428571429 4 2.33333333333333 1 2.42857142857143 7 2.5 1 2.57142857142857 13 2.71428571428571 19 2.8 1 2.83333333333333 2 2.85714285714286 27 3 61 3.14285714285714 57 3.16666666666667 13 3.2 2 3.28571428571429 90 3.33333333333333 8 3.4 5 3.42857142857143 133 3.5 11 3.57142857142857 115 3.6 7 3.66666666666667 10 3.71428571428571 180 3.8 6 3.83333333333333 7 3.85714285714286 210 4 269 4.14285714285714 218 4.16666666666667 5 4.2 2 4.28571428571429 194 4.33333333333333 8 4.4 1 4.42857142857143 163 4.5 12 4.57142857142857 150 4.6 2 4.66666666666667 11 4.71428571428571 125 4.8 1 4.83333333333333 5 4.85714285714286 81 5 127 Sysmiss 23 Q6j - The differences between ordinary people and elite (political, business, labour leaders) are much greater than the differences between ordinary people 2350 50 1 Strongly disagree 33 2 Disagree 151 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 494 4 Agree 993 5 Strongly agree 679 6 Do not know 50 Q6k - Politicians talk too much and take too little action 2379 21 1 Strongly disagree 16 2 Disagree 84 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 224 4 Agree 779 5 Strongly agree 1276 6 Do not know 21 Q6l - The people should have the final say on important political issues by voting on them directly in referendums (for example on abortion, death penalty, land) 2358 42 1 Strongly disagree 53 2 Disagree 120 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 431 4 Agree 972 5 Strongly agree 782 6 Do not know 42 Q6m - The people, not the politicians, should make our most important policy decisions 2360 40 1 Strongly disagree 39 2 Disagree 125 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 427 4 Agree 972 5 Strongly agree 797 6 Do not know 40 Q6n - The politicians in Parliament always need to follow the will of the people 2369 31 1 Strongly disagree 48 2 Disagree 112 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 365 4 Agree 921 5 Strongly agree 923 6 Do not know 31 Q6o - Ordinary South Africans can only rely on each other, rather than political elites. 2352 48 1 Strongly disagree 42 2 Disagree 143 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 477 4 Agree 991 5 Strongly agree 699 6 Do not know 48 Q6p - On important political issues, ordinary South Africans share similar value and interests. 2357 43 1 Strongly disagree 66 2 Disagree 207 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 486 4 Agree 1030 5 Strongly agree 568 6 Do not know 43 *********POLITICAL PARTICIPATION************ 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q7a - Attended a community meeting 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 682 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 566 3 Once or twice 422 4 Several times 479 5 Often 143 6 Very often 108 Q7b - Got together with others to raise an issue 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 793 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 720 3 Once or twice 384 4 Several times 348 5 Often 109 6 Very often 46 Q7c - Contacted radio, TV, or a newspaper to complain about an issue 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 1244 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 883 3 Once or twice 111 4 Several times 102 5 Often 36 6 Very often 24 Q7d - Contacted your local councillor or other community leaders about an issue 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 910 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 931 3 Once or twice 291 4 Several times 169 5 Often 63 6 Very often 36 Q7e - Shared political content on social media (e.g. Facebook or Twitter) 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 1475 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 585 3 Once or twice 165 4 Several times 121 5 Often 35 6 Very often 19 Q7f - Signed a petition (online or hardcopy) 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 1265 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 763 3 Once or twice 203 4 Several times 128 5 Often 35 6 Very often 6 Q7g - Refused to pay a tax or a fee to the government 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 1771 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 490 3 Once or twice 61 4 Several times 37 5 Often 28 6 Very often 13 Q7i - Used force or violence for a political cause 2400 0 1 No, and would never do this 1893 2 No, but I would if I had the opportunity 321 3 Once or twice 84 4 Several times 73 5 Often 20 6 Very often 9 Q8 - Which political party do you feel close with? 2400 0 1 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 13 2 African Independent Congress (AIC) 28 3 African Transformation Movement (ATM) 3 4 African National Congress (ANC) 1133 5 Al Jama-ah 8 6 Congress of the People (COPE) 5 7 Democratic Alliance (DA) 441 8 Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 151 9 Freedom Front Plus / Vryheidsfront Plus (VF+) 32 10 GOOD 4 11 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 27 12 National Freedom Party (NFP) 2 13 Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 4 14 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 3 15 Other specify 22 16 Don't feel close to a Political Party 524 Q8_other - Which political party do you feel close with? Other 22 0 Azapo 1 Can't tell, it's my secret 1 EFF 4 Freedom Front 1 I can't say 1 I can't say, it's private 1 It is private 1 It's my secret 1 Minority Front 1 Minority Party 1 Not interested in disclosing 1 Peoples democratic movement 1 Refused 3 SACP 1 SRWP 1 The Good Party 1 Women First 1 Q9 - Are you registered to vote? And did you vote in the most recent provincial and national elections on the 8th of May this year? 2400 0 1 I am not registered. 234 2 I am registered but did not vote 298 3 I am registered and voted 1868 ********MEDIA USE INCL SOCIAL MEDIA******* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q10a - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Radio 2341 59 1 Never 257 2 Less than once a month 213 3 A few times a month 383 4 A few times a week 662 5 Every day 826 6 Don't know 59 Q10b - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Television 2364 36 1 Never 137 2 Less than once a month 145 3 A few times a month 358 4 A few times a week 671 5 Every day 1053 6 Don't know 36 Q10c - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Print newspapers 2312 88 1 Never 511 2 Less than once a month 399 3 A few times a month 533 4 A few times a week 558 5 Every day 311 6 Don't know 88 Q10d - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Internet (news and other websites, not social media) 2287 113 1 Never 1091 2 Less than once a month 251 3 A few times a month 335 4 A few times a week 363 5 Every day 247 6 Don't know 113 Q10e - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - Social media such as Facebook or Twitter 2286 114 1 Never 1140 2 Less than once a month 267 3 A few times a month 323 4 A few times a week 345 5 Every day 211 6 Don't know 114 Q10f - How often do you get information and news about politics and political issues from the follow sources - From friends and family 2327 73 1 Never 273 2 Less than once a month 390 3 A few times a month 685 4 A few times a week 636 5 Every day 343 6 Don't know 73 Q11a - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Radio 2341 59 1 Not at all 182 2 A little 293 3 Somewhat 558 4 Quite a lot 768 5 A great deal 540 6 Don't know 59 Q11b - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Television 2362 38 1 Not at all 113 2 A little 231 3 Somewhat 520 4 Quite a lot 794 5 A great deal 704 6 Don't know 38 Q11c - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Print newspapers 2289 111 1 Not at all 337 2 A little 382 3 Somewhat 688 4 Quite a lot 556 5 A great deal 326 6 Don't know 111 Q11d - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Internet (news and other websites, not social media) 2116 284 1 Not at all 636 2 A little 344 3 Somewhat 568 4 Quite a lot 352 5 A great deal 216 6 Don't know 284 Q11e - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - Social media such as Facebook or Twitter 2128 272 1 Not at all 748 2 A little 336 3 Somewhat 510 4 Quite a lot 359 5 A great deal 175 6 Don't know 272 Q11f - How much do you trust the following sources of political information and news - From friends and family 2353 47 1 Not at all 165 2 A little 324 3 Somewhat 709 4 Quite a lot 763 5 A great deal 392 6 Don't know 47 Q12a - People should be allowed to express any political view that they have on social media 2291 109 1 Strongly disagree 88 2 Disagree 182 3 Neither disagree nor agree 434 4 Agree 955 5 Strongly agree 632 6 Don't know 109 Q12b - Government should be allowed to close down social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc), when they feel that it undermines political stability 2304 96 1 Strongly disagree 692 2 Disagree 452 3 Neither disagree nor agree 455 4 Agree 508 5 Strongly agree 197 6 Don't know 96 Q12c - Government should be allowed to close down internet messaging services (Skype, Google Hangouts, WhatsApp), when they feel that it undermines political stability 2289 111 1 Strongly disagree 696 2 Disagree 474 3 Neither disagree nor agree 428 4 Agree 479 5 Strongly agree 212 6 Don't know 111 Q12d - The government should be allowed to monitor my activities on social media 2304 96 1 Strongly disagree 644 2 Disagree 405 3 Neither disagree nor agree 417 4 Agree 551 5 Strongly agree 287 6 Don't know 96 Q12e - I do sometimes interact with people on social media whose political views and beliefs are different to mine 2318 82 1 Strongly disagree 442 2 Disagree 432 3 Neither disagree nor agree 498 4 Agree 668 5 Strongly agree 278 6 Don't know 82 Q12f - Social media is dividing our nation 2211 189 1 Strongly disagree 401 2 Disagree 467 3 Neither disagree nor agree 545 4 Agree 544 5 Strongly agree 254 6 Don't know 189 Q12g - Social media is effective in keeping those in power accountable 2200 200 1 Strongly disagree 164 2 Disagree 269 3 Neither disagree nor agree 595 4 Agree 813 5 Strongly agree 359 6 Don't know 200 Q12h - Social media gives ordinary people a voice 2248 152 1 Strongly disagree 101 2 Disagree 188 3 Neither disagree nor agree 476 4 Agree 903 5 Strongly agree 580 6 Don't know 152 **********TRUST IN INSTITUTIONS************** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q13a - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The President 2353 47 1 Not at all 308 2 Not very much 356 3 Somewhat 606 4 Quite a lot 617 5 A great deal 466 6 Have not heard enough to say 47 Q13b - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The Deputy President 2221 179 1 Not at all 403 2 Not very much 394 3 Somewhat 651 4 Quite a lot 513 5 A great deal 260 6 Have not heard enough to say 179 Q13c - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... National Government 2336 64 1 Not at all 326 2 Not very much 393 3 Somewhat 692 4 Quite a lot 624 5 A great deal 301 6 Have not heard enough to say 64 Q13d - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Provincial Government 2311 89 1 Not at all 307 2 Not very much 430 3 Somewhat 738 4 Quite a lot 569 5 A great deal 267 6 Have not heard enough to say 89 Q13e - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Local Government 2333 67 1 Not at all 385 2 Not very much 471 3 Somewhat 694 4 Quite a lot 540 5 A great deal 243 6 Have not heard enough to say 67 Q13f - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Constitutional Court 2256 144 1 Not at all 244 2 Not very much 333 3 Somewhat 751 4 Quite a lot 600 5 A great deal 328 6 Have not heard enough to say 144 Q13g - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Legal system in general 2292 108 1 Not at all 270 2 Not very much 396 3 Somewhat 745 4 Quite a lot 604 5 A great deal 277 6 Have not heard enough to say 108 Q13h - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... South African Police Service (SAPS) / the Police 2371 29 1 Not at all 355 2 Not very much 413 3 Somewhat 640 4 Quite a lot 564 5 A great deal 399 6 Have not heard enough to say 29 Q13i - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Public Protector 2157 243 1 Not at all 333 2 Not very much 367 3 Somewhat 665 4 Quite a lot 525 5 A great deal 267 6 Have not heard enough to say 243 Q13j - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... The Hawks 2148 252 1 Not at all 269 2 Not very much 293 3 Somewhat 709 4 Quite a lot 520 5 A great deal 357 6 Have not heard enough to say 252 Q13k - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Parliament 2328 72 1 Not at all 343 2 Not very much 447 3 Somewhat 645 4 Quite a lot 582 5 A great deal 311 6 Have not heard enough to say 72 Q13l - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) 2086 314 1 Not at all 299 2 Not very much 345 3 Somewhat 675 4 Quite a lot 480 5 A great deal 287 6 Have not heard enough to say 314 Q13m - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... South African Revenue Service (SARS) 2291 109 1 Not at all 227 2 Not very much 304 3 Somewhat 682 4 Quite a lot 656 5 A great deal 422 6 Have not heard enough to say 109 Q13n - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... SABC media (radio and TV) 2371 29 1 Not at all 148 2 Not very much 230 3 Somewhat 686 4 Quite a lot 726 5 A great deal 581 6 Have not heard enough to say 29 Q13o - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... African National Congress (ANC) 2367 33 1 Not at all 587 2 Not very much 312 3 Somewhat 460 4 Quite a lot 491 5 A great deal 517 6 Have not heard enough to say 33 Q13p - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Democratic Alliance (DA) 2315 85 1 Not at all 639 2 Not very much 385 3 Somewhat 552 4 Quite a lot 463 5 A great deal 276 6 Have not heard enough to say 85 Q13q - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) 2310 90 1 Not at all 1039 2 Not very much 341 3 Somewhat 393 4 Quite a lot 311 5 A great deal 226 6 Have not heard enough to say 90 Q13r - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Religious leaders 2264 136 1 Not at all 327 2 Not very much 314 3 Somewhat 730 4 Quite a lot 560 5 A great deal 333 6 Have not heard enough to say 136 Q13s - Please indicate how much confidence you have in each of the following institutions ... Large corporations / big business 2226 174 1 Not at all 263 2 Not very much 344 3 Somewhat 763 4 Quite a lot 578 5 A great deal 278 6 Have not heard enough to say 174 **********SOCIAL/INTERPERSONAL TRUST********* 2275 125 1 49 1.16666666666667 20 1.2 1 1.33333333333333 47 1.4 4 1.5 44 1.6 5 1.66666666666667 91 1.8 5 1.83333333333333 88 2 131 2.16666666666667 148 2.2 10 2.33333333333333 149 2.4 4 2.5 128 2.6 9 2.66666666666667 166 2.8 6 2.83333333333333 140 3 215 3.16666666666667 128 3.2 8 3.33333333333333 111 3.4 4 3.5 90 3.6 6 3.66666666666667 100 3.8 5 3.83333333333333 80 4 96 4.16666666666667 58 4.2 2 4.33333333333333 39 4.4 3 4.5 27 4.6 1 4.66666666666667 22 4.83333333333333 18 5 17 Sysmiss 125 Q14 - Generally speaking, would you say that you are trusting or distrusting of people? 2400 0 1 Very distrusting 192 2 Distrusting 360 3 Neither trusting nor distrusting 919 4 Trusting 804 5 Very trusting 125 Q15a - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your relatives 2386 14 1 Not at all 73 2 Not very much 196 3 Somewhat 611 4 Quite a lot 801 5 A great deal 705 6 Don't know 14 Q15b - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your neighbours (in your immediate and local community) 2380 20 1 Not at all 120 2 Not very much 314 3 Somewhat 885 4 Quite a lot 733 5 A great deal 328 6 Don't know 20 Q15c - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Your colleagues (at work, or studying etc.) 2116 284 1 Not at all 148 2 Not very much 305 3 Somewhat 818 4 Quite a lot 580 5 A great deal 265 6 Don't know 284 Q15d - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Other race groups 2329 71 1 Not at all 235 2 Not very much 491 3 Somewhat 949 4 Quite a lot 471 5 A great deal 183 6 Don't know 71 Q15e - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Other language groups 2340 60 1 Not at all 198 2 Not very much 471 3 Somewhat 947 4 Quite a lot 511 5 A great deal 213 6 Don't know 60 Q15f - How much do you trust the following groups of people - People who practice a different religion than your own 2328 72 1 Not at all 191 2 Not very much 392 3 Somewhat 949 4 Quite a lot 570 5 A great deal 226 6 Don't know 72 Q15g - How much do you trust the following groups of people - People with a different sexual orientation than your own 2307 93 1 Not at all 269 2 Not very much 439 3 Somewhat 863 4 Quite a lot 543 5 A great deal 193 6 Don't know 93 Q15h - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Foreign nationals from other African countries living in South Africa 2305 95 1 Not at all 769 2 Not very much 490 3 Somewhat 565 4 Quite a lot 319 5 A great deal 162 6 Don't know 95 Q15i - How much do you trust the following groups of people - Foreign nationals not from African countries living in South Africa 2312 88 1 Not at all 750 2 Not very much 481 3 Somewhat 570 4 Quite a lot 369 5 A great deal 142 6 Don't know 88 ********RULE OF LAW AND CORRUPTION******** 2346 54 1 6 1.2 4 1.25 1 1.4 8 1.6 7 1.75 2 1.8 11 2 15 2.2 23 2.25 1 2.4 41 2.5 1 2.6 61 2.75 5 2.8 61 3 139 3.2 152 3.25 6 3.4 202 3.5 14 3.6 232 3.75 11 3.8 247 4 380 4.2 217 4.25 12 4.4 205 4.5 4 4.6 119 4.75 7 4.8 69 5 83 Sysmiss 54 Q16a - The courts always have the right to make decisions that people have to accept 2366 34 1 Strongly disagree 88 2 Disagree 258 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 522 4 Agree 1054 5 Strongly agree 444 6 Don't know 34 Q16b - The police always have the right to make people obey the law 2361 39 1 Strongly disagree 72 2 Disagree 211 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 451 4 Agree 1024 5 Strongly agree 603 6 Don't know 39 Q16c - The South African Revenue Service (SARS) always have the right to make people pay taxes 2351 49 1 Strongly disagree 81 2 Disagree 150 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 459 4 Agree 1075 5 Strongly agree 586 6 Don't know 49 Q16d - Democratically elected representatives (such as MPs and local councilors) always have the right to make policy and governance decisions in SA 2327 73 1 Strongly disagree 119 2 Disagree 276 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 671 4 Agree 946 5 Strongly agree 315 6 Don't know 73 Q16e - The Constitution must be upheld/respected in all circumstances 2346 54 1 Strongly disagree 31 2 Disagree 91 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 405 4 Agree 1097 5 Strongly agree 722 6 Don't know 54 Q17a - Corrupt government officials often get away with it. 2351 49 1 Strongly disagree 40 2 Disagree 113 3 Neither agree nor disagree 329 4 Agree 798 5 Strongly agree 1071 6 Don't know 49 Q17b - Most politicians have no real will to fight corruption 2352 48 1 Strongly disagree 33 2 Disagree 116 3 Neither agree nor disagree 377 4 Agree 915 5 Strongly agree 911 6 Don't know 48 Q17c - Corruption affects ordinary people more than it does decision makers 2365 35 1 Strongly disagree 21 2 Disagree 62 3 Neither agree nor disagree 310 4 Agree 872 5 Strongly agree 1100 6 Don't know 35 Q17d Recoded - Government is effective in addressing corruption in South Africa 2353 47 1 497 2 787 3 420 4 295 5 354 6 47 Q17d - Government is effective in addressing corruption in South Africa 2353 47 1 Strongly disagree 354 2 Disagree 295 3 Neither agree nor disagree 420 4 Agree 787 5 Strongly agree 497 6 Don't know 47 ***********GROUP POL/ECO POWER******** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q18a - Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most - Economic power 2029 371 1 The majority of White people 631 2 A small group of White elites 201 3 The majority of Black people 580 4 A small group of Black elites 216 5 A small group of elites from various race groups 401 6 Don't know 371 Q18b - Thinking about these groups of people, who do you believe has the most - Political power 2103 297 1 The majority of White people 127 2 A small group of White elites 109 3 The majority of Black people 1201 4 A small group of Black elites 315 5 A small group of elites from various race groups 351 6 Don't know 297 Q19a - How do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you personally have - Economic power 2245 155 1 Very dissatisfied 495 2 Dissatisfied 520 3 Neutral 702 4 Satisfied 386 5 Very Satisfied 142 6 Don't know 155 Q19b - How do you feel about the amount of economic and political power that you personally have - Political power 2261 139 1 Very dissatisfied 424 2 Dissatisfied 604 3 Neutral 669 4 Satisfied 409 5 Very Satisfied 155 6 Don't know 139 **********APARTHEID AND LEGACY********* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q20a - The apartheid government oppressed the majority of South Africans 2312 88 1 Strongly disagree 84 2 Disagree 186 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 396 4 Agree 864 5 Strongly agree 782 6 Don't know 88 Q20b - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived from quality education 2306 94 1 Strongly disagree 83 2 Disagree 176 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 375 4 Agree 903 5 Strongly agree 769 6 Don't know 94 Q20c - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of land and property ownership 2278 122 1 Strongly disagree 46 2 Disagree 170 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 369 4 Agree 855 5 Strongly agree 838 6 Don't know 122 Q20d - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) were deprived of earning proper livelihoods 2270 130 1 Strongly disagree 57 2 Disagree 178 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 366 4 Agree 843 5 Strongly agree 826 6 Don't know 130 Q20e - The apartheid government committed terrible crimes against those struggling against apartheid 2291 109 1 Strongly disagree 43 2 Disagree 103 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 353 4 Agree 851 5 Strongly agree 941 6 Don't know 109 Q20f - Under apartheid black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) suffered violence because of their race 2309 91 1 Strongly disagree 51 2 Disagree 123 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 394 4 Agree 868 5 Strongly agree 873 6 Don't know 91 Q20g - Apartheid was a crime against humanity 2332 68 1 Strongly disagree 51 2 Disagree 84 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 295 4 Agree 800 5 Strongly agree 1102 6 Don't know 68 Q21a - In general, residential areas in South Africa are still racially segregated because of the lasting effects of apartheid 2304 96 1 Strongly disagree 58 2 Disagree 195 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 437 4 Agree 884 5 Strongly agree 730 6 Don't know 96 Q21b - Many black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) are still poor today because of the lasting effects of apartheid 2316 84 1 Strongly disagree 90 2 Disagree 178 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 378 4 Agree 868 5 Strongly agree 802 6 Don't know 84 Q21c - Many white South Africans are still well-off today because of the lasting effects of apartheid 2309 91 1 Strongly disagree 84 2 Disagree 179 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 340 4 Agree 802 5 Strongly agree 904 6 Don't know 91 Q21d - Many black South Africans (this includes Black African, Indian and Coloured people) today do not own land/property because of the lasting effects of apartheid 2324 76 1 Strongly disagree 83 2 Disagree 169 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 379 4 Agree 906 5 Strongly agree 787 6 Don't know 76 Q21e - Many white South Africans today own land/property because of the lasting effects of apartheid 2311 89 1 Strongly disagree 81 2 Disagree 167 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 318 4 Agree 813 5 Strongly agree 932 6 Don't know 89 Q21f - Little progress has been made in returning land to people that have been evicted under apartheid law 2251 149 1 Strongly disagree 57 2 Disagree 150 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 427 4 Agree 933 5 Strongly agree 684 6 Don't know 149 *********LAND ISSUES********* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q22a - Thinking about land ownership in South Africa - Do you think land reform is important to address inequality in South Africa? 2279 121 1 Strongly disagree 56 2 Disagree 132 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 376 4 Agree 906 5 Strongly agree 809 6 121 Q22b - Thinking about land ownership in South Africa - Do you think land reform is important for the reconciliation process in South Africa? 2286 114 1 Strongly disagree 69 2 Disagree 140 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 394 4 Agree 958 5 Strongly agree 725 6 Don't know 114 Q22c - If land is redistributed in South Africa, which land should be redistributed? 2180 220 1 Only government land 490 2 Both government and privately owned 1439 3 Only privately owned land 251 4 Don't know/ Refused to answer 220 *********SOCIAL DIVISION********* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q23 - What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today? 2119 281 1 a. The division between supporters of different political pa 384 2 b. The division between the rich and the poor 765 3 c. The division between those living with infectious disease 126 4 d. The division between South Africans of different race gro 584 5 e. The division between South Africans of different language 260 6 f. None (there are no divisions) [Do not read] 145 7 Other specify 4 8 Refused 51 9 Don't know 81 Q24 - Apart from thine one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today? 2028 372 1 a. The division between supporters of different political pa 443 2 b. The division between the rich and the poor 506 3 c. The division between those living with infectious disease 159 4 d. The division between South Africans of different race gro 564 5 e. The division between South Africans of different language 356 6 f. None (there are no divisions) [Do not read] 58 7 Other specify 3 8 Refused 8 9 Don't know 26 Sysmiss 277 Q23_other - What, in your experience, is the biggest division in South Africa today? (Other) 4 Carrying on about apartheid because most of us never lived then, and if our laws were non racist our country would grow and our people would be United 1 1 The fact that white people are not being employed despite being qualified 1 1 Q24_other - Apart from thine one, which would you say is the second biggest division in South Africa today? Other 3 0 Allowing more foreigners to run shops 1 Between the oppressors and the dispossessed 1 1 ******RESPECT*********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q25a - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your mother tongue language will…? 2237 163 1 Get a lot worse 281 2 Get a little worse 383 3 Stayed about the same 878 4 Get a little better 514 5 Get a lot better 181 6 Don't know 163 Q25b - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your religion will…? 2247 153 1 Get a lot worse 244 2 Get a little worse 335 3 Stayed about the same 878 4 Get a little better 590 5 Get a lot better 200 6 Don't know 153 Q25c - Over the next 2 years, do you think other peoples respect for your cultural practices will…? 2244 156 1 Get a lot worse 231 2 Get a little worse 326 3 Stayed about the same 878 4 Get a little better 596 5 Get a lot better 213 6 Don't know 156 **********GENDER RIGHTS********** 2400 0 1 97 1.33333333333333 47 1.66666666666667 57 2 150 2.33333333333333 116 2.66666666666667 177 3 325 3.33333333333333 259 3.66666666666667 302 4 475 4.33333333333333 170 4.66666666666667 98 5 127 Q26a - In our country today, women and men ... Have equal opportunities to earn an income in some way 2400 0 1 Strongly disagree 222 2 Disagree 397 3 Neither disagree nor agree 632 4 Agree 921 5 Strongly agree 228 Q26b - In our country today, women and men ... Enjoy the same protection under the law. 2400 0 1 Strongly disagree 195 2 Disagree 408 3 Neither disagree nor agree 538 4 Agree 958 5 Strongly agree 301 Q26c - In our country today, women and men ... Have the same rights 2400 0 1 Strongly disagree 192 2 Disagree 354 3 Neither disagree nor agree 487 4 Agree 978 5 Strongly agree 389 ********CIVIL RIGHTS************ 2245 155 1 464 1.33333333333333 145 1.66666666666667 188 2 352 2.33333333333333 205 2.66666666666667 168 3 194 3.33333333333333 102 3.66666666666667 141 4 148 4.33333333333333 67 4.66666666666667 51 5 20 Sysmiss 155 Q27a - How much do you approve of [Abortion] being legal or being made legal in South Africa? 2305 95 1 Strongly disapprove 935 2 Disapprove 524 3 Neither Disapprove nor Approve 327 4 Approve 375 5 Strongly approve 144 6 Don't know/ Refused to answer 95 Q27b - How much do you approve of [The death penalty] being legal or being made legal in South Africa? 2344 56 1 Strongly disapprove 358 2 Disapprove 298 3 Neither Disapprove nor Approve 307 4 Approve 623 5 Strongly approve 758 6 Don't know/ Refused to answer 56 Q27c - How much do you approve of [Same sex marriages] being legal or being made legal in South Africa? 2326 74 1 Strongly disapprove 698 2 Disapprove 522 3 Neither Disapprove nor Approve 438 4 Approve 489 5 Strongly approve 179 6 Don't know/ Refused to answer 74 Q27d - How much do you approve of [Sex work/prostitution] being legal or being made legal in South Africa? 2328 72 1 Strongly disapprove 881 2 Disapprove 567 3 Neither Disapprove nor Approve 385 4 Approve 373 5 Strongly approve 122 6 Don't know/ Refused to answer 72 **********INDIVIDUAL ESTEEM********** 2358 42 1 38 1.16666666666667 12 1.33333333333333 16 1.5 21 1.66666666666667 14 1.83333333333333 35 2 69 2.16666666666667 50 2.2 3 2.33333333333333 67 2.5 64 2.6 2 2.66666666666667 90 2.8 6 2.83333333333333 74 3 183 3.16666666666667 141 3.2 2 3.33333333333333 146 3.4 4 3.5 161 3.6 9 3.66666666666667 175 3.8 6 3.83333333333333 162 4 268 4.16666666666667 151 4.2 2 4.33333333333333 120 4.4 2 4.5 89 4.6 1 4.66666666666667 56 4.8 1 4.83333333333333 44 5 74 Sysmiss 42 Q28a - I have access to the financial resources I need to achieve my goals 2351 49 1 Strongly disagree 305 2 Disagree 419 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 509 4 Agree 763 5 Strongly agree 355 6 Don't know 49 Q28b - I have access to groups of people who can help me achieve my goals 2361 39 1 Strongly disagree 250 2 Disagree 434 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 549 4 Agree 811 5 Strongly agree 317 6 Don't know 39 Q28c - I have the education I need to achieve my goals 2371 29 1 Strongly disagree 211 2 Disagree 360 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 485 4 Agree 893 5 Strongly agree 422 6 Don't know 29 Q28d - I can easily get (or travel) to the places I need to in order to achieve my goals 2364 36 1 Strongly disagree 265 2 Disagree 404 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 500 4 Agree 842 5 Strongly agree 353 6 Don't know 36 Q28e - I have the self-confidence I need in order to achieve my goals 2377 23 1 Strongly disagree 92 2 Disagree 212 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 446 4 Agree 1098 5 Strongly agree 529 6 Don't know 23 Q28f - I have the self-determination I need in order to achieve my goals 2372 28 1 Strongly disagree 75 2 Disagree 171 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 412 4 Agree 1155 5 Strongly agree 559 6 Don't know 28 **********INTERGROUP RELATIONS AND GROUP ESTEEM********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q29 - When you think of yourself and your daily interactions with others, which group do you associate with most strongly, those who .. 2270 130 1 a. Speak the same language - mother tongue - as I do 487 2 b. Belong to the same racial group as I do 465 3 c. Those who are in the same economic class as I am 212 4 d. Those who practise and follow the same religion as I do 221 5 e. Those who support the same political party as I do 182 6 f. Those who regard themselves primarily as South Africans 405 7 g. None (No specific group) [Do not read on first mention] 298 8 Other specify (Do not read) 5 9 Refused 57 10 Don't know 68 Q30 - Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly? 1940 460 1 a. Speak the same language - mother tongue - as I do 403 2 b. Belong to the same racial group as I do 399 3 c. Those who are in the same economic class as I am 267 4 d. Those who practise and follow the same religion as I do 240 5 e. Those who support the same political party as I do 202 6 f. Those who regard themselves primarily as South Africans 328 7 None 101 8 Other specify 2 9 Refused 11 10 Don't know 24 Sysmiss 423 Q29_other - When you think of yourself and your daily interactions with others, which group do you associate with most strongly, those who .. (Other) 5 0 All of the above 1 I associate white anyone who isn't racially biased 1 It does not really matter.....a friend is a friend..... 1 My family 1 My immediate family 1 Q30_other - Apart from this one, which would you say is the second group you associate with most strongly? (Other) 2 0 All of the above 1 People I stay in a same place with them 1 Q31 - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly: How important is ... to you? 1977 423 1 Not at all important 72 2 Not very important 261 3 Somewhat important 615 4 Very important 1019 5 Don't know 10 Sysmiss 423 Q32a_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel good about yourself 1973 427 1 Strongly disagree 71 2 Disagree 77 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 236 4 Agree 1075 5 Strongly agree 514 6 Don't know 4 Sysmiss 423 Q32b_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel important 1977 423 1 Strongly disagree 66 2 Disagree 121 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 279 4 Agree 926 5 Strongly agree 580 6 Don't know 5 Sysmiss 423 Q32c_Rec - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel secure 1977 423 1 Strongly disagree 54 2 Disagree 113 3 Neither Disagree nor Agree 311 4 Agree 920 5 Strongly agree 573 6 Don't know 6 Sysmiss 423 Q32a - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel good about yourself 1973 427 1 Strongly agree 514 2 Agree 1075 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 236 4 Disagree 77 5 Strongly disagree 71 6 Don't know 4 Sysmiss 423 Q32b - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel important 1972 428 1 Strongly agree 580 2 Agree 926 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 279 4 Disagree 121 5 Strongly disagree 66 6 Don't know 5 Sysmiss 423 Q32c - Thinking of the group you associate with most strongly, would you say belonging to ... : Makes you feel secure 1971 429 1 Strongly agree 573 2 Agree 920 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 311 4 Disagree 113 5 Strongly disagree 54 6 Don't know 6 Sysmiss 423 **********SOUTH AFRICAN IDENTITY************ 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q33a - Being a South African is an important part of how you see yourself 2381 19 1 Strongly disagree 45 2 Disagree 90 3 Neutral 331 4 Agree 1023 5 Strongly agree 892 6 Don't know 19 Q33b - People should realise we are South Africans first, and not think of themselves in terms of other groups they belong to. 2357 43 1 Strongly disagree 52 2 Disagree 91 3 Neutral 332 4 Agree 1102 5 Strongly agree 780 6 Don't know 43 Q33c - You would want your children to think of themselves as South African 2360 40 1 Strongly disagree 46 2 Disagree 92 3 Neutral 300 4 Agree 984 5 Strongly agree 938 6 Don't know 40 Q33d - It is desirable to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups who live in this country 2348 52 1 Strongly disagree 50 2 Disagree 102 3 Neutral 382 4 Agree 1080 5 Strongly agree 734 6 Don't know 52 Q33e - It is possible to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups in the country 2329 71 1 Strongly disagree 93 2 Disagree 147 3 Neutral 443 4 Agree 1019 5 Strongly agree 627 6 Don't know 71 Q33f - Even though we have differences, there is more that unites us as South Africans than keeps us apart 2349 51 1 Strongly disagree 57 2 Disagree 156 3 Neutral 474 4 Agree 1043 5 Strongly agree 619 6 Don't know 51 ************RECONCILIATION*************** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q34a - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? 1st mention 2310 90 1 b. Peace - The reduction of violence and establishment of pe 251 2 c. Relationships - Improving relationships between past enem 146 3 d. Justice - Redressing injustice/creating a more equal soci 186 4 e. Making amends - past perpetrators taking responsibility f 116 5 f. Retribution - past perpetrators punished for their action 41 6 g. Forgiveness - past victims forgiving past perpetrator 359 7 h. Democracy - Building a democratic culture 153 8 i. Truth - Establishing the truth of the past 226 9 j. Memorialisation - remembering the past 51 10 k. Race relations - addressing racism 107 11 l. Compromise - two sides make compromises 78 12 m. Dialogue - finding ways to talk about the past 48 13 n. Respect - respecting people's humanity 204 14 o. Moving on - moving forward from the past 234 15 a. Nothing - it has no meaning 110 16 Other specify 4 17 Do not know 86 Q34b - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 2nd mention 2155 245 1 b. Peace - The reduction of violence and establishment of pe 259 2 c. Relationships - Improving relationships between past enem 133 3 d. Justice - Redressing injustice/creating a more equal soci 169 4 e. Making amends - past perpetrators taking responsibility f 106 5 f. Retribution - past perpetrators punished for their action 63 6 g. Forgiveness - past victims forgiving past perpetrator 330 7 h. Democracy - Building a democratic culture 118 8 i. Truth - Establishing the truth of the past 178 9 j. Memorialisation - remembering the past 43 10 k. Race relations - addressing racism 121 11 l. Compromise - two sides make compromises 92 12 m. Dialogue - finding ways to talk about the past 46 13 n. Respect - respecting people's humanity 213 14 o. Moving on - moving forward from the past 238 15 a. Nothing - it has no meaning 46 16 Other specify 3 17 Refused 14 18 Do not know 32 Sysmiss 196 Q34c - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 3rd mention 2057 343 1 a. Nothing - it has no meaning 52 2 b. Peace - The reduction of violence and establishment of pe 208 3 c. Relationships - Improving relationships between past enem 149 4 d. Justice - Redressing injustice/creating a more equal soci 135 5 e. Making amends - past perpetrators taking responsibility f 112 6 f. Retribution - past perpetrators punished for their action 55 7 g. Forgiveness - past victims forgiving past perpetrator 234 8 h. Democracy - Building a democratic culture 131 9 i. Truth - Establishing the truth of the past 183 10 j. Memorialisation - remembering the past 53 11 k. Race relations - addressing racism 96 12 l. Compromise - two sides make compromises 102 13 m. Dialogue - finding ways to talk about the past 68 14 n. Respect - respecting people's humanity 223 15 o. Moving on - moving forward from the past 256 16 Other specify 1 17 Do not know 54 Sysmiss 288 Q34a_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? 1st mention (Other) 4 A huge failure 1 A waste of tax payers money 1 1 Reverse racism fanning racial tension and an absolute waste of tax payer's money 1 Q34b_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 2nd mention (Other) 3 0 Addressing poverty 1 Re-uniting 1 Stop living in the past it gone we are a new generation 1 Q34c_other - What, if anything, does 'reconciliation' mean to you? What else - 3rd mention (Other) 1 People is still living in the past it's long gone, so forget about it, life is too short, live your life 1 Q35a - South Africans have made progress in reconciliation since the end of apartheid 2297 103 1 Strongly disagree 119 2 Disagree 296 3 Neither agree nor disagree 575 4 Agree 1039 5 Strongly agree 268 6 Don't know 103 Q35b - My friends and family have experienced reconciliation after the end of apartheid 2243 157 1 Strongly disagree 202 2 Disagree 327 3 Neither agree nor disagree 609 4 Agree 875 5 Strongly agree 230 6 Don't know 157 Q35c - I believe the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) provided a good foundation for South Africa to achieve reconciliation 2282 118 1 Strongly disagree 99 2 Disagree 194 3 Neither agree nor disagree 505 4 Agree 1189 5 Strongly agree 295 6 Don't know 118 Q35d - South Africans still need reconciliation 2322 78 1 Strongly disagree 49 2 Disagree 152 3 Neither agree nor disagree 348 4 Agree 1194 5 Strongly agree 579 6 Don't know 78 Q36a - People who were disadvantaged under apartheid continue to be poor 2327 73 1 Strongly disagree 62 2 Disagree 185 3 Neither agree nor disagree 454 4 Agree 994 5 Strongly Agree 632 6 Don't know 73 Q36b - Gender-based violence continue in our society. 2333 67 1 Strongly disagree 31 2 Disagree 116 3 Neither agree nor disagree 469 4 Agree 1189 5 Strongly Agree 528 6 Don't know 67 Q36c - We do not address racism in our society. 2335 65 1 Strongly disagree 68 2 Disagree 239 3 Neither agree nor disagree 490 4 Agree 1056 5 Strongly Agree 482 6 Don't know 65 Q36e - Political parties exploit social divisions for political gains. 2308 92 1 Strongly disagree 23 2 Disagree 127 3 Neither agree nor disagree 476 4 Agree 1175 5 Strongly Agree 507 6 Don't know 92 Q36f - Corruption continues in our country. 2363 37 1 Strongly disagree 24 2 Disagree 74 3 Neither agree nor disagree 265 4 Agree 953 5 Strongly Agree 1047 6 Don't know 37 Q36g - We continue using race categories to measure transformation. 2330 70 1 Strongly disagree 44 2 Disagree 107 3 Neither agree nor disagree 455 4 Agree 1168 5 Strongly Agree 556 6 Don't know 70 Q37 - Who do you think should take the greatest responsibility for ensuring reconciliation in South Africa? 2400 0 1 Only those oppressed during apartheid 259 2 Mostly those oppressed during apartheid 457 3 Both those who were oppressed and who were not oppressed dur 1408 4 Mostly those who were not oppressed during apartheid 189 5 Only those who were not oppressed during apartheid 87 Q38a - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - National government and elected representatives - like MPs and local councillors 2314 86 1 Not important 56 2 A little important 149 3 Somewhat important 460 4 Quite important 769 5 Very important 880 6 Don't know 86 Q38b - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Civil society organisations and community organisations 2300 100 1 Not important 37 2 A little important 135 3 Somewhat important 468 4 Quite important 821 5 Very important 839 6 Don't know 100 Q38c - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Business 2301 99 1 Not important 54 2 A little important 135 3 Somewhat important 483 4 Quite important 717 5 Very important 912 6 Don't know 99 Q38d - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - Religious and faith-based organisations 2333 67 1 Not important 48 2 A little important 142 3 Somewhat important 449 4 Quite important 741 5 Very important 953 6 Don't know 67 Q38e - How important do you think is the role of the following institutions/people in the reconciliation process in SA? - You and your family and friends 2336 64 1 Not important 31 2 A little important 132 3 Somewhat important 391 4 Quite important 726 5 Very important 1056 6 Don't know 64 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q39 - Excluding your own race group, which one race group do you find most difficult to associate with? 2336 64 1 Black people 258 2 White people 512 3 Indian/Asian people 289 4 Coloured people 93 5 Do not have difficulties with any race group 1184 6 Refused 38 7 Don't know 26 Q40a - Living in a neighbourhood where half of your neighbours are people from the group you mentioned. 1127 1273 1 Strongly approve 168 2 Approve 470 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 290 4 Disapprove 145 5 Strongly disapprove 54 6 Refuse 15 7 Don't know 10 Sysmiss 1248 Q40b - Having a person from the group you mentioned sitting next to your child, or the child of a family member, at school. 1139 1261 1 Strongly approve 172 2 Approve 510 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 306 4 Disapprove 108 5 Strongly disapprove 43 6 Refuse 9 7 Don't know 4 Sysmiss 1248 Q40c - Having your child, or the child of a family member, taught by a person from the group you mentioned at school. 1123 1277 1 Strongly approve 178 2 Approve 511 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 286 4 Disapprove 105 5 Strongly disapprove 43 6 Refuse 13 7 Don't know 16 Sysmiss 1248 Q40d - Having to work for and take instructions from a person from the group you mentioned. : Feelings about group difficult to associate with 1123 1277 1 Strongly approve 170 2 Approve 464 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 278 4 Disapprove 152 5 Strongly disapprove 59 6 Refuse 13 7 Don't know 16 Sysmiss 1248 Q40e - Having a close relative marry a person from the group you mentioned. 1112 1288 1 Strongly approve 155 2 Approve 387 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 321 4 Disapprove 164 5 Strongly disapprove 85 6 Refuse 17 7 Don't know 23 Sysmiss 1248 Q40f - Being treated by a doctor from the group you mentioned in an emergency situation 1132 1268 1 Strongly approve 218 2 Approve 497 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 271 4 Disapprove 107 5 Strongly disapprove 39 6 Refuse 10 7 Don't know 10 Sysmiss 1248 Q41a Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative of all races 2356 44 1 Strongly disagree 46 2 Disagree 97 3 Neither agree nor disagree 404 4 Agree 1165 5 Strongly agree 644 6 Don't know 44 Q41b Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of gender 2342 58 1 Strongly disagree 42 2 Disagree 160 3 Neither agree nor disagree 472 4 Agree 1021 5 Strongly agree 647 6 Don't know 58 Q41c Rec - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of physical ability and disability 2345 55 1 Strongly disagree 30 2 Disagree 129 3 Neither agree nor disagree 503 4 Agree 1069 5 Strongly agree 614 6 Don't know 55 Q41a - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative of all races 2356 44 1 Strongly Agree 644 2 Agree 1165 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 404 4 Disagree 97 5 Strongly Disagree 46 6 Don't know 44 Q41b - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of gender 2342 58 1 Strongly Agree 647 2 Agree 1021 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 472 4 Disagree 160 5 Strongly Disagree 42 6 Don't know 58 Q41c - It should be a national priority to make the workforce representative in terms of physical ability and disability 2345 55 1 Strongly Agree 614 2 Agree 1069 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 503 4 Disagree 129 5 Strongly Disagree 30 6 Don't know 55 Q42a - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At work/place of study 2307 93 1 Never 469 2 Rarely 439 3 Sometimes 667 4 Often 431 5 Always 301 6 Don't know 93 Q42b - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At home 2368 32 1 Never 765 2 Rarely 501 3 Sometimes 649 4 Often 305 5 Always 148 6 Don't know 32 Q42c - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At commercial or retail spaces (such as shops and malls) 2365 35 1 Never 340 2 Rarely 520 3 Sometimes 825 4 Often 454 5 Always 226 6 Don't know 35 Q42d - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At a social gathering and events 2358 42 1 Never 563 2 Rarely 575 3 Sometimes 738 4 Often 331 5 Always 151 6 Don't know 42 Q42e - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? At public recreational places 2357 43 1 Never 495 2 Rarely 577 3 Sometimes 754 4 Often 382 5 Always 149 6 Don't know 43 Q42f - Thinking about your typical day in the past month, how often do you interact or talk to someone who was from a different race to you? On public transport (such as on a bus) 2337 63 1 Never 741 2 Rarely 546 3 Sometimes 599 4 Often 295 5 Always 156 6 Don't know 63 Q43 - Would you like to interact more with people of different race groups? 2400 0 1 Never 1705 2 Rarely 467 3 Sometimes 228 4 Often 0 5 Always 0 6 Do not know 0 Q44a - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? First Mention 2395 5 1 a. Opportunities to talk/engage 199 2 b. Your willingness to talk/engage 135 3 c. Your confidence 230 4 d. Fear/anxiety 99 5 e. No common ground 184 6 f. Language barriers 429 7 g. Negative prior experiences 162 8 h. Nothing prevents me 957 9 Other specify 5 Q44b - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? What else - Second Mention 1443 957 1 a. Opportunities to talk/engage 211 2 b. Your willingness to talk/engage 169 3 c. Your confidence 176 4 d. Fear/anxiety 141 5 e. No common ground 141 6 f. Language barriers 208 7 g. Negative prior experiences 169 8 h. Nothing prevents me 228 9 Other specify 1 Sysmiss 956 Q44a_other - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? First Mention (Other) 5 0 Do not have contact with them 1 Not all people are ignorant and racist 1 Only if they see me as a criminal rather than an individual 1 They live around town so I can see them day to day 1 They undermine us. They sodomise our young boys in the community and the police get bribes from them 1 Q44b_other - In general, what may prevent you from talking to people of different race groups? What else - Second Mention (Other) 1 0 Arrogance of the other person 1 ***********RACISM****************** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q45a - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Work / Place of study 2237 163 1 Never 880 2 Rarely 427 3 Sometimes 583 4 Often 208 5 Always 139 6 Don't know 163 Q45b - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Commercial and retail places (such as shops and malls) 2352 48 1 Never 823 2 Rarely 574 3 Sometimes 605 4 Often 245 5 Always 105 6 Don't know 48 Q45c - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Public transport (while travelling) 2318 82 1 Never 1140 2 Rarely 458 3 Sometimes 424 4 Often 194 5 Always 102 6 Don't know 82 Q45d - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Public recreational places 2334 66 1 Never 953 2 Rarely 498 3 Sometimes 532 4 Often 230 5 Always 121 6 Don't know 66 Q45e - How often does racism affect you in your daily life in these various places? Social gatherings and events 2343 57 1 Never 1081 2 Rarely 494 3 Sometimes 462 4 Often 214 5 Always 92 6 Don't know 57 ********PERSONAL SAFETY*********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q46a - How safe do you feel in the following places? In your home 2383 17 1 Very unsafe 344 2 Somewhat unsafe 517 3 Somewhat safe 677 4 Very safe 845 5 Don't know 17 Q46b - How safe do you feel in the following places? In the neighbourhood where you live 2384 16 1 Very unsafe 385 2 Somewhat unsafe 643 3 Somewhat safe 788 4 Very safe 568 5 Don't know 16 Q46c - How safe do you feel in the following places? In commercial places (such as shops and malls) 2375 25 1 Very unsafe 381 2 Somewhat unsafe 639 3 Somewhat safe 827 4 Very safe 528 5 Don't know 25 Q46d - How safe do you feel in the following places? In public recreational places (such as parks) 2339 61 1 Very unsafe 532 2 Somewhat unsafe 717 3 Somewhat safe 701 4 Very safe 389 5 Don't know 61 Q46e - How safe do you feel in the following places? At work/place of study 2131 269 1 Very unsafe 208 2 Somewhat unsafe 428 3 Somewhat safe 840 4 Very safe 655 5 Don't know 269 Q46f - How safe do you feel in the following places? In public transportation places (such as taxi ranks) 2281 119 1 Very unsafe 551 2 Somewhat unsafe 670 3 Somewhat safe 647 4 Very safe 413 5 Don't know 119 **********CHANGE SINCE 1994*********** 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q47a - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Your personal safety and that of your family 2358 42 1 Worsened a great deal 382 2 Worsened somewhat 525 3 Stayed the same 721 4 Improved somewhat 568 5 Improved a great deal 162 6 Don't know 42 Q47b - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Economic circumstances for you and your family 2342 58 1 Worsened a great deal 386 2 Worsened somewhat 513 3 Stayed the same 741 4 Improved somewhat 554 5 Improved a great deal 148 6 Don't know 58 Q47c - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Employment opportunities for you and your family 2354 46 1 Worsened a great deal 563 2 Worsened somewhat 477 3 Stayed the same 664 4 Improved somewhat 504 5 Improved a great deal 146 6 Don't know 46 Q47d - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Relations between members of different race groups 2343 57 1 Worsened a great deal 324 2 Worsened somewhat 393 3 Stayed the same 733 4 Improved somewhat 731 5 Improved a great deal 162 6 Don't know 57 Q47e - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? The gap between rich and poor 2340 60 1 Worsened a great deal 559 2 Worsened somewhat 426 3 Stayed the same 712 4 Improved somewhat 509 5 Improved a great deal 134 6 Don't know 60 Q47f - How would you say the following has changed since 1994, when the country became a democracy? Levels of corruption in the country 2348 52 1 Worsened a great deal 774 2 Worsened somewhat 406 3 Stayed the same 543 4 Improved somewhat 462 5 Improved a great deal 163 6 Don't know 52 **********XENOPHOBIA************* 2287 113 1 187 1.25 32 1.33333333333333 1 1.5 49 1.66666666666667 7 1.75 65 2 185 2.25 101 2.33333333333333 11 2.5 122 2.66666666666667 11 2.75 141 3 333 3.25 147 3.33333333333333 9 3.5 176 3.66666666666667 20 3.75 173 4 207 4.25 98 4.33333333333333 4 4.5 74 4.66666666666667 1 4.75 46 5 87 Sysmiss 113 Q48a Rec - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Moving into your neighbourhood 2281 119 1 Very Unlikely 366 2 Unlikely 369 3 Neutral 665 4 Likely 594 5 Very Likely 287 6 Dont Know 119 Q48b Rec - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Operating a business in your area 2294 106 1 Very Unlikely 378 2 Unlikely 418 3 Neutral 605 4 Likely 557 5 Very Likely 336 6 Dont Know 106 Q48c Rec - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing government services 2281 119 1 Very Unlikely 354 2 Unlikely 407 3 Neutral 694 4 Likely 537 5 Very Likely 289 6 Dont Know 119 Q48d Rec - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing jobs 2287 113 1 Very Unlikely 391 2 Unlikely 411 3 Neutral 649 4 Likely 544 5 Very Likely 292 6 Dont Know 113 Q48a - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Moving into your neighbourhood 2281 119 1 Very likely 287 2 Likely 594 3 Neutral 665 4 Unlikely 369 5 Very unlikely 366 6 Don't know 119 Q48b - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Operating a business in your area 2294 106 1 Very likely 336 2 Likely 557 3 Neutral 605 4 Unlikely 418 5 Very unlikely 378 6 Don't know 106 Q48c - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing government services 2281 119 1 Very likely 289 2 Likely 537 3 Neutral 694 4 Unlikely 407 5 Very unlikely 354 6 Don't know 119 Q48d - Please can you tell me how likely you are to prevent people who have come here from other African countries from… Accessing jobs 2287 113 1 Very likely 292 2 Likely 544 3 Neutral 649 4 Unlikely 411 5 Very unlikely 391 6 Don't know 113 *************OLD/NEW FLAG********* 0 2400 Sysmiss 2400 Q49_b - I am about to ask you a question on the old South African flag. Do you want to see the old South African flag, before I ask you the question? 2400 0 1 Yes 1545 2 No 855 Q49_a1 - Please view the current South African flag. Please indicate the word which most closely resembles how this image makes you feel. 2235 165 1 Optimistic 113 2 Belonging 326 3 Patriotic 39 4 Proud 765 5 Free 556 6 Indifferent 158 7 Fearful 36 8 Bitter 32 9 Angry 31 10 Oppressed 42 11 Disappointed 109 12 Discriminated against 28 13 Other specify 24 14 Refused 46 15 Don't know 95 Q49_b1 - Please indicate the word which most closely resembles how the Old South African flag makes you feel. 1998 402 1 Nostalgic 58 2 Belonging 107 3 Patriotic 48 4 Proud 185 5 Free 108 6 Indifferent 263 7 Fearful 136 8 Bitter 217 9 Angry 232 10 Oppressed 370 11 Discriminated against 274 12 Do not know 252 13 Refused 130 14 Other specify 20 Q49_a1_other - Please view the current South African flag. Please indicate the word which most closely resembles how this image makes you feel - Other 24 0 Democrasy 1 Diversity 1 Happy 1 1 It's not important to me 1 1 Just okay 1 None of these.... 1 Not interested in the flag 1 Nothing 2 Peace 1 Rainbow Nation for my country 1 Rainbow nation 2 The colours mean something 1 This is just a mask 1 Together 1 Togetherness 1 United 1 Uniting 1 Unity 2 Youth 1 Q49_b1_other - Please indicate the word which most closely resembles how the Old South African flag makes you feel. 20 0 Apartheid 1 Confusing 1 Dissapointed 2 Don't really care because it didn't mean anything to me 1 Embarrassed 1 Hatred 1 Hatred of other race 1 History 1 I don't know it and I don't like it 1 Makes my blood boil. 1 None 3 Nothing 1 Part of historic values 1 Recognising how a country was built over centuries 1 Segregation 1 Uniting different countries 1 Unity 1 Q49c - Please indicate whether you strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree that the old South African flag should be banned. 2400 0 1 Strongly Disagree 270 2 Disagree 193 3 Neither agree, nor disagree 437 4 Agree 578 5 Strongly Agree 794 6 Dont' know 128 2400 0 0 No 254 1 Yes 2146 2400 0 0 No 1218 1 Yes 1182 2400 0 0 No 322 1 Yes 2078 2400 0 0 No 820 1 Yes 1580 2400 0 0 No 2316 1 Yes 84 2400 0 0 No 1288 1 Yes 1112 2400 0 0 No 1578 1 Yes 822 2400 0 0 No 1934 1 Yes 466 2400 0 0 No 1867 1 Yes 533 2400 0 0 No 2302 1 Yes 98 2400 0 0 No 88 1 Yes 2312 2400 0 0 No 752 1 Yes 1648 2400 0 0 No 2209 1 Yes 191 2400 0 0 No 1232 1 Yes 1168 2400 0 0 No 1455 1 Yes 945 2400 0 0 No 1631 1 Yes 769 2400 0 0 No 268 1 Yes 2132 2400 0 0 No 1769 1 Yes 631 2400 0 0 No 137 1 Yes 2263 2400 0 0 No 414 1 Yes 1986 2400 0 0 No 1875 1 Yes 525 2400 0 0 No 999 1 Yes 1401 2400 0 0 No 2035 1 Yes 365 2400 0 0 No 2207 1 Yes 193 2400 0 0 No 1359 1 Yes 1041 2400 0 0 No 2000 1 Yes 400 2400 0 0 No 1940 1 Yes 460 2400 0 0 No 795 1 Yes 1605 2400 0 0 No 996 1 Yes 1404 LSM30 - Live in a rural area such as a farm or traditional tribal village, outside Gauteng or the Western Cape 2400 0 0 No 2058 1 Yes 342 2400 0 0 No 1576 1 Yes 824 Q54 - How important is religion to you? 2400 0 1 Not at all important 63 2 Not very important 76 3 Somewhat important 329 4 Very important 1896 5 No answer (Do not read out ) 19 6 Don't know 2 7 Not applicable (No religion) 15 DayOfWeek - Day of week 2400 0 1 Monday 152 2 Tuesday 222 3 Wednesday 202 4 Thursday 182 5 Friday 275 6 Saturday 780 7 Sunday 587 TimeOfDay - Time of day 2400 0 1 Morning (Before 12:00) 470 2 Afternoon (12:01 - 17:00) 1318 3 Evening (17:01 or later) 612 EA - EA Code [Census 2011] 2400 0 1 19914601 6 2 19913885 6 3 19913166 0 4 19916005 6 5 19914137 6 6 19914226 6 7 19915959 6 8 19912430 6 9 19914374 6 10 19915276 6 11 19915756 6 12 19915986 6 13 19914626 6 14 19914824 6 15 79816614 6 16 79816351 6 17 79815085 6 18 79815563 6 19 79814836 6 20 79815376 6 21 79713901 6 22 79715308 6 23 79713343 6 24 79714499 6 25 79714515 6 26 79714743 6 27 79714608 6 28 19910743 6 29 19911666 6 30 19911904 6 31 19911928 6 32 19913724 6 33 19910120 6 34 19912603 6 35 19911115 6 36 19913568 6 37 29910453 6 38 29910612 6 39 29910841 6 40 29911564 6 41 29910891 6 42 29911034 6 43 29911424 6 44 29911682 6 45 29912014 6 46 29911875 6 47 29911991 6 48 29910347 6 49 29910384 6 50 29910407 6 51 29910415 6 52 29910475 6 53 29910485 6 54 29910554 6 55 29910591 6 56 29910769 6 57 29910772 6 58 29910776 6 59 29910830 6 60 29911370 6 61 29911720 6 62 49910801 6 63 49910926 6 64 49911035 6 65 49911091 6 66 49911177 6 67 49911203 6 68 49911353 6 69 49911395 6 70 49911440 6 71 49911526 0 72 49911529 0 73 49911540 6 74 49911542 6 75 49910636 6 76 49910673 6 77 49910730 6 78 49910817 6 79 79910312 6 80 79911201 6 81 79911519 6 82 79912410 0 83 79911781 6 84 79911408 0 85 79913104 6 86 79910124 0 87 79911352 0 88 79912183 0 89 79813066 6 90 79815867 6 91 79815982 6 92 79814037 6 93 79814993 6 94 79812356 6 95 19914055 6 96 19914365 6 97 19915111 6 98 19913258 6 99 19911515 6 100 19911594 6 101 19911678 6 102 19912148 6 103 19913236 6 104 19913577 6 105 19912077 6 106 19912256 6 107 19910258 6 108 19914585 6 109 19913268 6 110 19913285 6 111 19910572 0 112 19910373 0 113 19910454 0 114 79810724 6 115 79810748 6 116 79810966 6 117 79811381 6 118 79810929 6 119 79811158 6 120 79810751 6 121 79812431 6 122 79812767 6 123 79812961 6 124 59910483 6 125 59910602 6 126 59910614 6 127 59911035 6 128 59911055 6 129 59911881 6 130 59911883 6 131 59910473 6 132 59910307 6 133 59910407 6 134 59910442 6 135 79811501 6 136 79812205 0 137 79812505 6 138 79813900 6 139 79814217 6 140 79810379 6 141 79810566 0 142 79811842 6 143 79812376 6 144 79812649 6 145 79712857 6 146 79712048 6 147 79713077 6 148 79713504 6 149 79713553 6 150 79713057 6 151 79711840 6 152 79711725 6 153 59913678 6 154 59914025 6 155 59912285 6 156 59914194 6 157 59914406 6 158 59911304 6 159 59914484 6 160 59913582 6 161 59915064 6 162 59911793 6 163 19913605 6 164 19914473 6 165 19916182 6 166 19916195 6 167 19916103 6 168 19911949 6 169 19914727 6 170 19915003 6 171 19913598 6 172 19916283 6 173 19915618 6 174 76310419 6 175 76410138 6 176 76310603 6 177 79813735 6 178 76410095 6 179 76310008 6 180 79813532 6 181 79813583 0 182 79814204 6 183 59915137 0 184 59915162 6 185 59913529 6 186 59913760 6 187 59913973 6 188 59911462 6 189 59915074 6 190 59914692 6 191 59910680 6 192 59911678 6 193 59912422 6 194 59912727 6 195 59912926 6 196 59911278 6 197 59914293 6 198 59910986 6 199 59911566 6 200 59911682 6 201 59912014 6 202 59911181 6 203 59911199 6 204 59912937 6 205 59912619 6 206 59912767 6 207 59912577 6 208 59913044 6 209 79913649 6 210 79915080 6 211 79913221 6 212 79913416 6 213 79914002 6 214 79914224 6 215 79914553 6 216 79710673 6 217 79711075 6 218 79713785 6 219 79710965 6 220 79711427 6 221 79710572 6 222 76010508 6 223 79810044 6 224 76010731 6 225 76010454 6 226 76010303 6 227 76010578 6 228 76011227 6 229 26010362 6 230 26010413 6 231 26010703 6 232 26011112 6 233 26011058 6 234 16710188 6 235 16710041 6 236 16610201 6 237 16710031 6 238 86810045 6 239 86610245 6 240 86710012 6 241 86210036 6 242 76210046 6 243 86410150 6 244 19916401 6 245 36610062 6 246 16310026 6 247 16210034 6 248 36410085 6 249 29910629 6 250 29910662 6 251 26410014 6 252 26910022 6 253 29910576 6 254 26510117 6 255 29910284 6 256 26810028 6 257 29911391 6 258 26110091 6 259 49910174 6 260 49910330 6 261 49910467 6 262 49910481 6 263 37610132 6 264 38410048 6 265 47010210 6 266 67210389 6 267 38310362 6 268 38610103 6 269 28710220 6 270 36010267 6 271 46010088 6 272 38310171 6 273 38310187 6 274 46710727 6 275 46010108 6 276 49911138 6 277 46410079 6 278 36210001 6 279 37910129 6 280 46710086 6 281 49910269 6 282 67410098 6 283 37910068 6 284 37910128 6 285 46710265 6 286 98110120 6 287 87510098 6 288 87410984 6 289 87610274 6 290 87410063 6 291 87410278 0 292 66410551 6 293 97710080 6 294 87410522 6 295 17710014 6 296 18210001 6 297 18010146 6 298 17610242 6 299 17710064 6 300 36910031 6 301 86810294 6 302 86810415 0 303 66110721 6 304 87110077 6 305 86810357 6 306 66010221 6 307 87110374 6 308 79913532 6 309 87210109 6 310 66610115 6 311 17210238 6 312 17210063 6 313 17110057 6 314 66810272 6 315 66710350 6 316 59910187 6 317 50610333 6 318 59810191 6 319 29010074 6 320 29710513 6 321 50610133 0 322 50610363 6 323 29510522 6 324 76610429 6 325 86010044 6 326 86610438 6 327 56310006 6 328 56310069 6 329 56610074 6 330 56610708 6 331 96910284 6 332 96610943 6 333 96110118 6 334 96810368 6 335 98710332 6 336 96210247 6 337 98210617 6 338 96410097 6 339 97310266 6 340 97910048 6 341 96710085 6 342 97410224 6 343 97410463 0 344 97410519 6 345 97410001 6 346 98410427 6 347 98510046 6 348 87711027 6 349 96610768 6 350 96210472 6 351 87710293 6 352 96010170 6 353 16910128 6 354 16910088 6 355 66310004 6 356 76610016 6 357 58910180 6 358 59210115 6 359 58010033 6 360 58610067 6 361 58710003 6 362 58210029 6 363 59210177 6 364 59915442 6 365 59914878 6 366 59915413 6 367 57410047 6 368 57410015 6 369 52610136 6 370 52910068 6 371 56610859 6 372 56910151 6 373 66110157 6 374 66210143 6 375 66210399 6 376 66410326 6 377 66210037 0 378 66210076 6 379 66210537 6 380 47210788 6 381 67710050 6 382 67710163 6 383 67710654 6 384 67610191 6 385 47710278 6 386 47210712 6 387 67610152 6 388 47210072 6 389 47710218 6 390 47810079 6 391 26011641 6 392 26011294 6 393 26011570 6 394 28310477 6 395 29410875 6 396 28110040 6 397 26011358 6 398 27610104 6 399 27110486 6 400 29210129 6 401 87410292 6 402 50610134 6 403 66210162 0 404 49911527 6 405 79911409 6 406 79911441 0 407 79911353 6 408 79810569 0 409 79913222 0 410 79912410 0 411 79912184 6 412 19910455 0 413 79812207 0 414 79813585 0 415 59915159 0 416 86810276 6 417 97410463 0 418 66210167 6 419 49911468 0 420 49911527 0 421 79911166 6 422 19910314 6 423 19910169 6 424 19910399 6 425 19914281 6 426 79912751 6 427 79813356 6 428 79810677 6 429 79813848 6 430 59913624 6 431 49911194 6 432 97411021 6 EA - GType - GTI - based on StatsSA Geotype which is enhanced according to GTI land use classification and updates 2400 0 1 Urban 2028 2 Farms 42 3 Traditional 330 EA - GType - GTI - extended - based on StatsSA Geotype which is enhanced according to GTI land use classification and updates 2400 0 1 Metro Urban 1440 2 Non-Metro Urban 588 3 Non-Metro Farms 42 4 Non-Metro Traditional 312 5 Metro Traditional 18 EA - Area Type - Metro/Non-metro - based on Municipal Demarcation Board 2016 boundaries 2400 0 1 Metro 1458 2 Non-metro 942 Area Classification - Kantar - based on CRUM - metro/non-metro [do not use for analysis] 2400 0 1 Metro 1404 2 Non-Metro 996 Area Classification - Kantar - based on CRUM - metro/small urban/rural [do not use for analysis] 2400 0 1 Metro 1404 2 Non-Metro - Small Urban 648 3 Non-Metro - Rural 348 EA - Original and Substitutions 2400 0 1 Original EA 2280 2 Substitute EA 120 Interviewers [IC Code] 2400 0 1 9920 4604.878 3438.012 Date of interview 2400 0 20190719 20190905 20190777.566 40.341 Participation request [consent from respondent] 2400 0 1 Yes 2400 2 No 0 Game_Changers_RofLaw eq 1 (FILTER) 2346 54 0 Not Selected 2227 1 Selected 119 Sysmiss 54